Corn, one of the most important forage crops worldwide, has proven to be a useful expression vehicle due to the availability of established transformation procedures for this well-studied plant. The exotoxin Apx, a major virulence factor, is recognized as a common antigen of Actinobacillus (A.) pleuropneumoniae, the causative agent of porcine pleuropneumonia. In this study, a cholera toxin B (C...

The present study investigated the effects of the supplemental dietary energy source on early lactating cows in a positive energy balance. Cows in the control group were fed a basal total mixed ration containing high-quality hay as forage, and the dietary concentrate to forage ratio was 45:65. The corn supplementation resulted in a significant decrease in the milk fat content (P < 0.05) and a l...

Dual-use cover crops as forage for livestock could offer ecological and economic benefits when incorporated into rotations with corn (Zea mays L.) soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr) in the Mid-South USA; however, information on implementation impact is limited. A factorial of sixteen cool-season species a no-cover control by two management systems (forage harvest residue left field) was repeated u...

The objective of this experiment was to quantify intakes, duodenal flows, and ruminal apparent synthesis (AS) of B-vitamins in lactating dairy cows fed diets varying in forage and nonfiber carbohydrate (NFC) contents. Eight (4 primiparous and 4 multiparous) ruminally and duodenally cannulated Holstein cows were assigned to 4 dietary treatments in a replicated 21-d period, 4 x 4 Latin square des...

in order to study the effect of chemical and biological fertilizers on silage corn under different plant densities, a split plot experiment was carried out in a randomized completely block design with three replicates in south western iran. the main plot included nitrogen fertilizer treatment at three levels (n1: with out chemical and organic fertilizers, n2: 75% chemical fertilizer + 100% orga...

The ethanol industry has expanded at an amazing rate since the turn of the century. From 2000 to 2011, the US ethanol industry grew from 1.6 billion gallons to 13.9 billion gallons of ethanol produced (Renewable Fuels Association, 2013a). The renewable fuels standard mandates that should there be 20.5 billion gallons of ethanol produced annually in the US by 2015 (Renewable Fuels Association, 2...

A one-year study was conducted to measure the effects of balanced supplementation to improve biosustainability of a 110 head goat herd in Mexico in terms of economic feasibility on limited pasturing range land complemented with an alfalfa hay forage bank and grazing corn stubble. Average weight of adult females was 52.410 5 kg, yearlings 40.0 3 kg at ®rst kidding. Average total lactation milk p...

A 3-yr study was conducted to determine the effect of heifer development system on ADG, reproductive performance, and subsequent feed efficiency as a pregnant heifer. Crossbred Angus heifers (n= 299) were assigned by initial BW to be developed grazing corn residue (CR) or in a drylot (DL). Corn residue heifers grazed native pasture 33 d prior to grazing CR 73 d. Corn residue heifers were then p...