EVERY ORGANISM INGESTS FOOD (energy). If it takes in too little, it will starve; if it takes in too much, it will become obese. Too little is readily defined as caloric intake less than expenditure, and too much is simply the opposite. Multiple regulatory pathways are known that promote and inhibit feeding and thus regulate energy balance. However, these pathways and their interactions remain i...

The mechanisms for controlling food intake involve mainly an interplay between gut, brain, and adipose tissue (AT), among the major organs. Parasympathetic, sympathetic, and other systems are required for communication between the brain satiety center, gut, and AT. These neuronal circuits include a variety of peptides and hormones, being ghrelin the only orexigenic molecule known, whereas the p...

glucose and insulin are two important factors in regulation of food intake. also, existence of central glucoreceptors have been determined in human and many of  animal species, in this study the existence of central glucoreceptors and regulative role of glucose in ingestive behavior of broiler cockerels were studied. in this study used from 128 broiler cockerels. at the first, guide cannula imp...

Background: Feeding behavior is regulated by a complex network which interacts via diverse signals from central and peripheral tissues. It is known dopaminergic and glutamatergic systems have crucial role on food intake regulation but scarce reports exist on their interaction in appetite regulation in broilers. OBJECTIVES: The present study was designed to examine the role of glutamatergic syst...

Snack food like potato chips substantially contributes to energy intake in humans. In contrast to basic food, snacks are consumed additionally to other meals and may thereby lead to non-homeostatic energy intake. Snack food is also frequently associated with hedonic hyperphagia, a food intake independent from hunger. Analysis of brain activity patterns by manganese-enhanced MRI has previously r...

Background and Objectives: This study was designed to investigate the association between parental behavior and the dietary intake of Tehranian preschool children aged 2-6 years. Materials and Methods: In a cross-sectional study conducted on 310 children aged 2-6 years from the kindergartens of 22 districts of Tehran, a qualitative validated 85-item food frequency questionnaire was completed b...

Few studies have investigated the relative validity of FFQ in young children and no study has investigated the relative validity of changes in children's food intake in a longitudinal context. The aim of the present study was to compare the FFQ of the longitudinal Family Influences on Food Intake study, assessing children's food intake in the previous 3 months, with a 3 d online food record whe...

BACKGROUND We tested the hypothesis that ad libitum food intake shows corrective responses over periods of 1-5 d. DESIGN This was a prospective study of food intake in women. METHODS Two methods, a weighed food intake and a measured food intake, were used to determine daily nutrient intake during 2 wk in 20 women. Energy expenditure with the use of doubly labeled water was done contemporane...

Background While income and prices are key drivers of dietary choices, how their influence varies by food category, nation, and demographics is not well established. Based on intake data for 164 countries and 11 food categories, we examined how income and food prices relate to food intake globally, including by world region, age, and sex. Methods We used 2010 intake data from the Global Dieta...