BACKGROUND Walking in neighborhood environments is undertaken for different purposes including for transportation and leisure. We examined whether sidewalk availability was associated with participation in, and minutes of neighborhood-based walking for transportation (NWT) and recreation (NWR) after controlling for neighborhood self-selection. METHOD Baseline survey data from respondents (n =...

Maximal outerplanar graphs are characterized using three different classes of graphs. A path-neighborhood graph is a connected graph in which every neighborhood induces a path. The triangle graph T (G) has the triangles of the graph G as its vertices, two of these being adjacent whenever as triangles in G they share an edge. A graph is edge-triangular if every edge is in at least one triangle. ...

BACKGROUND Few neighborhood observational measures have been replicated by separate research teams in different cities. PURPOSE This study replicates the neighborhood active living potential observation measure in Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada. METHODS Observers (n=5) participated in a 3-day neighborhood active living potential training session. Observers rated 60 neighborhoods in Saskato...

background: as key determinants of many favorable health and quality of life outcomes, it is important to identify factors associated with mobility and social participation. although several investigations have been carried out on mobility, social participation and neighborhood environment, there is no clear integration of these results. this paper presents a scoping study protocol that aims to...

The rooted delay-constrained minimum spanning tree problem is an NP-hard combinatorial optimization problem arising for example in the design of centralized broadcasting networks where quality of service constraints are of concern. We present two new approaches to solve this problem heuristically following the concepts of ant colony optimization (ACO) and variable neighborhood search (VNS). The...

sustainable transportation with the aim of urban sustainable development aims to improve the environmental quality and the socio-economic condition. one of the most important strategies for achieving sustainable transportation is planning and designing for walking, or in other words increasing urban walkability. therefore, increased walkability has become a key issue in urban planning. understa...