X-ray luminescence computed tomography (XLCT) is an emerging hybrid imaging modality, which is able to improve the spatial resolution of optical imaging to hundreds of micrometers for deep targets by using superfine X-ray pencil beams. However, due to the low X-ray photon utilization efficiency in a single pinhole collimator based XLCT, it takes a long time to acquire measurement data. Herein, ...

OBJECTIVES IQ-SPECT is an advanced high-speed SPECT modality for myocardial perfusion imaging (MPI), which uses a multi-focus fan beam collimator with resolution recovery reconstruction. The aim of this study was to compare IQ-SPECT with conventional SPECT in terms of performance, based on standard clinical protocols. In addition, we examined the concordance between conventional and IQ_SPECT in...

Because background radiation in an irradiation room creates a problem with the PG-SPECT (Prompt Gamma-ray Single Photon Emission Computed Tomography) system, which evaluates the absorbed dose for the Boron Neutron Capture Therapy treatment, optimization of a collimator system was performed while taking the shielding of background gamma-rays into consideration. Assuming that a parallel-beam coll...

The paper describes the electronic instrumentation for a nonintercepting gamma-beam monitor in use at the 82” bubble chamber at the Stanford Linear Accelerator Center. The position and the intensity of the beam are monitored by four shower-counters placed behind a 2-mm collimator. The bubble chamber flash-illumination and cameraadvance are inhibited when the beam is not centered within 0.5 mm.

Recent experimental studies at the Fermilab Tevatron collider have shown that magnetically confined hollow electron beams can act as a new kind of collimator for highintensity beams in storage rings. In a hollow electron beam collimator, electrons enclose the circulating beam. Their electric charge kicks halo particles transversely. If their distribution is axially symmetric, the beam core is u...

This study proposes an algorithm for selecting beam weight, wedge angle, and wedge orientation for three-dimensional radiation therapy treatment planning. According to dose gradient analysis, the necessary and sufficient condition for achieving a homogeneous dose over the target volume is that the total vector sum of the dose gradients of all beams be zero everywhere in the target volume. This ...

Bai et al. recently proposed to acquire random fanbeam/cone-beam projections with a linear/planar detector from a circular scanning locus for controlled cardiac computed tomography (CT). After specifying a uniform acquisition geometry required by FBP (filtration-backprojection), we rebin the random fan-beam/cone-beam data via nearest-neighbor, quadrilateral and triangle-based linear interpolati...

background: during radiotherapy treatment, critical organs are shielded using lead and cerrobend blocks. the objective of this study is to compare the effects of lead and cerrobend shielding blocks on incident photon beam. methods: collimator scatter factors were measured for open square fields (3 x 3 cm to 40 x 40 cm) defined by collimator jaws and for fields blocked down to smaller asymmetric...

Using a recently developed time domain numerical approach we calculate the short-range geometric wakefields of 3D collimators and compare with analytical models. We find, in the diffractive regime, that the transverse mode kick factor can be approximated from the change in field energy between the beam pipe and the collimator if the collimator is long, or using a “field clipping” estimate if it...

We propose a novel method to reduce the noise in fan-beam computed tomography (CT) imaging. First, the inverse Radon transform is induced for a family of differential expression of projection function. Second, the diffusion partial differential equation (PDE) is generalized from image space to projection space in parallel-beam geometry. Third, the diffusion PDE is further induced from parallel-...