Liquid foams are classified into a dry foam and a wet foam, empirically judging from the liquid fraction or the shape of the gas bubbles. It is known that physical properties such as elasticity and diffusion are different between the dry foam and the wet foam. Nevertheless, definitions of those states have been vague and the dry-wet transition of foams has not been clarified yet. Here we show t...

foam injection is becoming a standard conditioning agent when tunnelling with an earth-pressure balanced shield, resulting in an increasing interest in this technique. the technique is mostly based on empirical rules and experience. to be able to determine what foam and how may foam has to be injected for different soils, it is necessary to know the mechanical parameters of the foam-water-soil ...

For a foam-covered sea surface, it is difficult to retrieve sea surface salinity (SSS) with L-band brightness temperature (1.4 GHz) because of the effect of a foam layer with wind speeds stronger than 7 m/s, especially at low sea surface temperature (SST). With foam-controlled experiments, emissivities of a foam-covered water surface at low SST (−1.4 °C to 1.7 °C) are measured for varying SSS, ...

In this research, we are analysing the behaviour of the wastes coconut shells of african palm (Elaeis guineensis) when dealing with different gas mixtures and its influence on the development of lattice porous internal and its formation as foam. The study shows that samples worked with water vapour mixtures developed the highest percentage of carbon foam as foams. The greatest expansion of the ...

Hydrogen production through water splitting has been considered as a green, pure and high-efficient technique. As an important half-reaction involved, hydrogen evolution reaction is a complex electrochemical process involving liquid-solid-gas three-phase interface behaviour. Therefore, new concepts and strategies of material design are needed to smooth each pivotal step. Here we report a multis...

Miscible gas injection, as an Enhanced Oil Recovery (EOR) method, can improve the recovery factor by swelling the residual oil and phasing out the interfacial tension [1]. However, the sweep efficiency of miscible gas injection is not satisfactory because of conformance problems, such as viscous fingering, channelling and gravity override [2]. Foam can solve the problems associated with gas inj...

We present a physically based real-time water simulation and rendering method that brings volumetric foam to the real-time domain, significantly increasing the realism of dynamic fluids. We do this by combining a particlebased fluid model that is capable of accounting for the formation of foam with a layered rendering approach that is able to account for the volumetric properties of water and f...

Genetic Algorithm (GA) assisted beamforming techniques are proposed as an alternative to conventional beamforming algorithms. The design of the corresponding GAs is highlighted and the achievable performance is characterised in terms of the Signal-to-Interference Ratio (SIR) and the Signal-to-Interference plus Noise Ratio (SINR). It is demonstrated that an attractive SINR versus complexity trad...