This article declares a simple voltage balancing and decoupling control methodology for four-level flying capacitor converter. The proposed approach only uses two proportional controllers to balance the voltages one additional proportional-integral controller regulate output without sensing inductor current. decoupled design reduces interactions between regulating loop loop. Eventually, 400-W p...

In an era where high-frequency flying capacitor (FC) multilevel inverters (MLIs) are increasingly gaining attention in energy conversion systems that push the boundaries of power density, need for a compact, fast, and accurate FC voltage monitoring system is also increasing. this article, we designed developed new measurement system, based on precise sampling inverter switching node voltage, th...

Finite Control Set Model Predictive (FCS-MPC), thanks to its simple and powerful concept, has been applied widely control the multilevel converters. FCS-MPC allows of several objectives can incorporate restrictions, even nonlinear, into mathematical model system under consideration. However, needs evaluate all switching states converter find best state be in next sampling time. For higher-level...

This paper presents a single-objective model predictive control for bidirectional DC-DC flying capacitor (FC) converter, which integrates battery to the microgrid. The presence of multiple FCs facilitates converter interface low-voltage high-voltage DC bus at reduced voltage stress on its power switches. However, such requires controller that fulfils objectives, namely and FC regulations, flow....

This study aimed to evaluate the effect of rootstocks on fruit sugars, organic acids, and carotenoids. The contents of sugars and organic acids in fruits were determined by HPLC. Total acidity (TA), total soluble solids (TSS), and pH value of the juice were also evaluated. Total carotenoids and chlorophylls contents were measured using a spectrophotometer. The content of ethylene in fruits was ...