neuroleptic malignant syndrome (nms) is unusual but could be a lethal reaction associated with neuroleptic drugs. it occurs in almost 0.07-2.2% of patients under treatment with neuroleptics. there are some medical treatments that may also be helpful for its treatment, including dopamine agonists, muscle relaxants, and electroconvulsive therapy (ect). we present this case to alert the clinicians...

Activation of cyclic AMP phosphodiesterase I by brain or Neurospora calmodulin was studied. The stimulation required micromolar concentrations of Ca2+, and it was observed at cyclic AMP concentrations between 0.1 and 500 microM. Activation was blocked by EDTA and some neuroleptic drugs such as chlorpromazine and fluphenazine. These drugs inhibit the elongation of N. crassa wild-type aerial hyph...

The perphenazine and fluphenazine GABA esters 3 and 4 evaluated in rat models for antipsychotic activity displayed a significant decrease of catalepsy associated with increased prolactin blood levels. Efficacy was evaluated in the d-amphetamine-induced hyperactivity model, where perphenazine abolished hyperactivity and induced sedation and catalepsy, whereas 3 reduced hyperactivity without seda...

Abstract The World Health Organization (WHO, 2019) reports that schizophrenia affects approximately 20 million people worldwide, and the annual number of new cases is estimated at 1.5%/10,000 people. As a result, there demand for making relevant medicines work better. Using fluphenazine (FZN) drug delivery system has been optimized using nanoparticles (NPs) technology an important alternative t...

Neuroleptic ma lignant syndrome (NMS) is an uncommon, potentiall y le thal complication of treatment with antipsychotic medication. First described in America n journals by De lay and Deniker in 1968 (1), this syndrome has been reported for many years in th e European and Japanese literature. Neuroleptic malignant syndrome is characterized by fever, altered men tal status, autonomic dysfunction...

The ability of antipsychotic drugs to inhibit the catalytic activity of five cytochrome P-450 (CYP) isoforms was compared using in vitro human liver microsomal preparations to evaluate the relative potential of these drugs to inhibit drug metabolism. The apparent kinetic parameters for enzyme inhibition were determined by nonlinear regression analysis of the data. All antipsychotic drugs tested...

The aim of this study was to compare the effects of different antipsychotics on depressive symptoms in schizophrenic patients. The data were drawn from a retrospective, naturalistic, observational study in which 222 subjects diagnosed as being affected by schizophrenia during a re-exacerbation phase received 6 weeks of monotherapy with fluphenazine decanoate, haloperidol decanoate, haloperidol,...

The interaction of dopaminergic antagonists with the D(1A) dopamine receptor was assessed in PC2 cells that transiently express this receptor. The maximal binding and dissociation constants for the D(1A) dopamine receptor, using the ligand [(125)I]SCH23982 were 0.38 +/- 0.09 nM and 1 to 4 pmol/mg, respectively, when assessed 48 h after transfection with cDNA encoding the rat D(1A) receptor. Bas...

The treatment of animals with neuroleptic drugs for periods of a few results in the induction of dopamine (DA) receptor supersensitivity that is reflected, on drugwithdrawal, by enhanced behavioural responses to DA agonist drugs (Muller and Seeman, 1978). Such phenomena have been considered to exemplify the pathophysiology of tardive dyskinesia (Baldessarini and Tarsy, 1980) despite the require...