Bees from the Zemmgrund area in the Zillertal Alps (Austria, Tyrol) were collected and determined to investigate the species composition of the area. A total of 61 specimens were collected over a two year period; they represent 24 species from 8 genera. Building on these records, the first commented checklist for the area is presented, with notes on habitats and visited flowers.

Following the theme of this special issue, two new compounds, the P-flowers C(16)(PH)(8) and C(16)(PF)(8), are designed by us and subsequently characterized by quantum chemical computations. Their geometries and infrared signatures are analyzed and compared to those of the well-known sulflower C(16)S(8). Their electronic structure and aromaticity are examined using the electron localization fun...

PAGE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . IR'TRODUCTIOX ..................... 534 Materials and methods ....................................................... 535 Description of the normal and abnormal flowcrs.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 538 Analysis of data ...................................................... First generation ...................

BACKGROUND Radix notoginseng is used in Chinese medicine to improve blood circulation and clotting; however, the pharmacological activities of other parts of Panax notoginseng have yet to be explored. The present study reports the anti-oxidative effects of various parts of Panax notoginseng. METHODS Various parts of Panax notoginseng, including the biennial flower, stem-leaf, root-rhizome, fi...

Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infects 200 million people worldwide, and 75% of HCV cases progress into chronic infections, which consequently cause cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. HCV infection is treated with currently considered standard drugs, including direct anti-viral agents (DAAs), alone or in combination with peginterferon-α plus ribavirin. However, sustained viral responses vary in d...

Antirrhinum majus, Flavonoid Biosynthesis, Flavanone Oxidase, Apigenin, Luteolin Enzyme preparations from flowers of Antirrhinum majus catalysed the oxidation of naringenin to apigenin and of eriodictyol to luteolin. Enzyme activity was found to be localized in the microsomal fraction. The reaction required NADPH as cofactor and had a pH optimum of about 7.0. The NADPH-dependent microsomal enzy...

Eight new glycosides, everlastosides F (1), G (2), H (3), I (4), J (5), K (6), L (7), and M (8), were isolated from the methanolic extract of the flowers of Helichrysum arenarium. Their structures were elucidated on the basis of chemical and physicochemical evidence.

It was a fine morning, Queen Victoria observed. After breakfast, she became aware of the crowds congregating outside Buckingham Palace. For this day of thanksgiving, 27 February 1872, the Queen's habitual widow's weeds were trimmed with miniver and her bonnet adorned with white flowers and a white feather. At 12.05 p.m., she took her place, together with the Prince and Princess of Wales and the...

Studies in ecology are often describing observed variations in a certain ecological phenomenon by use of environmental explanatory variables. A common problem is that the numerical nature of the ecological phenomenon does not always fit the assumptions underlying traditional statistical tests. A text book example comes from pollination ecology where flower visits are normally reported as freque...

We expand on the discourse related to nature surrounding Canadian medical training and the CanMEDS flower. We advance the notion that a major contributor to burnout is the increasing complexity and segregation of not only the medical profession, but society as a whole, leading to choice overload and an overemphasis on complex, data driven, rational decision making. We then propose that the key ...