The classic question from wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) operators is, how long can a secondary reactor be kept unaerated after an aeration system failure? Therefore, in the present research, samples of activated sludge (AS) were taken WWTP and left without for 12, 18, 24, 36 h; simulating failure. Subsequently, activity AS lacking was evaluated batch cultures. results showed that lack oxyge...

Megathrust earthquakes cause tsunamis that can destroy coastal structures and damage buildings, resulting in injuries deaths. To prevent these consequences reduce the risk of failure structures, it is essential to understand exact mechanism structure failure. Sub-nappe air cavity pressure during overflow a vertical structure, which main topic this research, increase but had not yet been quantif...

in the present study a quasi 2-d numerical model is developed for calculating air concentration distribution in rapid flows. the model solves air continuity equation (convection diffusion equation) in the whole flow domain. this solution is then coupled with calculations of the free surface in which air content in the flow is also considered. to verify the model, its results are compared with a...

A High Temperature Gas-cooled Reactor (HTGR) is one of the renewed reactor designs to play a role in nuclear power generation. This reactor design concept is currently under consideration and development worldwide. The combination of coated particle fuel, inert helium gas as coolant and graphite moderated reactor makes possible to operate at high temperature yielding a high efficiency. In this ...

The short-term effects of temperature on deammonification sludge were evaluated in a laboratory-scale sequencing batch reactor (SBR). Mathematical modeling was used for further evaluations different intermittent aeration strategies achieving high and stable performance at decreasing temperatures. As the biomass cultivated temperatures (e.g., 30 °C), higher dependency (the adjusted Arrhenius coe...

Precise control over the segmented flow in a microchannel reactor offers an important tool for the optimization of reaction yield and productivity. The fluidic control over the reaction was demonstrated on the selective alkylation of benzyl cyanide to the monoalkylated product in a 250 μm microchannel reactor. The conversion of benzyl cyanide increased from 39.9% to 99.7% as a result of a 97% l...

Continuous-flow nanocatalysis based on metal nanoparticle catalyst-anchored flow reactors has recently provided an excellent platform for effective chemical manufacturing. However, there has been limited progress in porous structure design and recycling systems for metal nanoparticle-anchored flow reactors to create more efficient and sustainable catalytic processes. In this study, traditional ...

The chemical composition, hydrolysis products, and kinetics during liquid hot water pretreatment of sweet sorghum bagasse (SSB) and eucalyptus wood chips (EWC) were investigated. Under optimal conditions, a total xylose recovery of 79.6% and 55.6% for SSB and of 74.9% and 84.4% for EWC was achieved after pretreatments in a step-change flow rate reactor (184 °C, 20 ml/min, 8 min, and 10 ml/min, ...