Ambrosia beetles tunnel into the heartwood of trees where they cultivate and feed upon a symbiotic fungus. We assessed the effectiveness of flood stress for making Cercis canadensis L. and Cornus florida L. trees attractive to attack as part of insecticide and fungicide efficacy trials conducted in Ohio and Virginia. Since female ambrosia beetles will not begin ovipositing until their symbiotic...

INTRODUCTION Malaria control measures such as early diagnosis and treatment, intermittent treatment of pregnant women, impregnated bed nets, indoor spraying and larval control measures are difficult to target specifically because of imprecise estimates of risk at a small-scale level. Ways of estimating local risks for malaria are therefore important. METHODS A high-resolution satellite view f...

Response to Referee 1 General comments The drought treatment in 2008 delayed the recovery of the redox potential during the first year of flooding in 2009. For example, methane production in the flooded plots reached the level of the control plots not before July/August 2009 (Estop-Aragones et al., unpublished data). In the growing season of 2010, no delay in methane production was observed bet...

In the American South, post-bellum economic development may have been restricted in part by white landowners’ access to low-wage black labor. This paper examines the impact of the Great Mississippi Flood of 1927 on black out-migration and subsequent agricultural development. Flooded counties experienced an immediate and persistent out-migration of black population. Over time, landowners in floo...

In recent decades, in the Pre-Carpathian region of Ukraine during summer period, floods and flood events became more frequent. They were accompanied by significant economic environmental loss. Especially powerful 2008 2020, but 2014 2016 also had destructive consequences. Therefore, study river channel processes, stability assessment flooded land areas due to is an urgent problem. The aim propo...

Acid mine drainage (AMD) is the result of mining, especially coal generally open-pit mining. Any open pit mining will produce voids filled with acid which water formed due to oxidation sulfide minerals that are exposed or in presence water. One highly reactive AMD formation process pyrite. This a challenge for environment how absorb heavy metals contained Here researchers tried use method Phyto...

We present DRIFT1, a total ordering multicast algorithm optimized for ad hoc networks. DRIFT combines virtual flooding with a communication history ordering algorithm. Virtual flooding is a way of using unrelated message streams to propagate message causality information in order to accelerate message delivery. We review the total order multicast problem and the unique challenges posed in ad ho...

The effects of flooding harvested rice fields on waterbird communities were studied during winter. Variation in the number of waterbird species, overall densities of all waterbirds, wading birds, waterfowl, and shorebirds, and a measure of conservation value that weighted species according to their relative abundance and population trends were examined. Each variable was tested for differences ...

The survival of indigenous and introduced strains of Azorhizobium caulinodans in flooded soil and in the rice rhizosphere, where in situ Sesbania rostrata was incorporated before the rice crop, is reported. The azorhizobia studied were both root and stem nodulating. In a pot experiment, two crop cycles each of inoculated and noninoculated Sesbania-rice were compared with two crop cycles of floo...