Smaller form factors and dynamic applications have made flexible circuits an essential part of today’s electronic devices. Although flexible electronics is well established and constantly growing industry, this technology has its limitations. Flexible circuits can typically bend along one axis and cannot therefore conform to arbitrary shapes like for example human skin. The transition to stretc...

Nowadays the market for industrial companies is becoming more and more globalized and highly competitive, forcing them to shorten the duration of the manufacturing system development time in order to reduce the time to market. In order to achieve this target, the hierarchical systems used in previous manufacturing systems are not enough because they cannot deal effectively with unexpected situa...