Strike Three: Umpires’ Demand for Discrimination We explore how umpires’ racial/ethnic preferences are expressed in their evaluation of Major League Baseball pitchers. Controlling for umpire, pitcher, batter and catcher fixed effects and many other factors, strikes are more likely to be called if the umpire and pitcher match race/ethnicity. This effect only exists where there is little scrutiny...

We consider a growth model proposed by Matsuyama [K. Matsuyama, Growing through cycles, Econometrica 67 (2) (1999) 335–347] in which two sources of economic growth are present: the mechanism of capital accumulation (Solow regime) and the process of technical change and innovations (Romer regime). We will shown that no stable cycle can exist, except for a fixed point and a cycle of period two. T...

Many studies find a strong negative association between crime and education. This raises the question whether crime reduces investment in human capital or whether education reduces criminal activity. This article investigates posed question by using fixed-effect estimation on data of Australian twins. We find early arrests (before the age of 18) both to have a strong effect on human capital acc...

in this paper standing balance control of a biped with toe-joint is presented. the model consists of an inverted pendulum as the upper body and the foot contains toe-joint. the biped is actuated by two torques at ankle-joint and toe-joint to regulate the upper body in upright position. to model the interaction between foot and the ground, configuration constraints are defined and utilized. to s...

The possibility that the strength of gravitational interactions might slowly increase with distance, is explored by formulating a set of effective field equations, which incorporate the gravitational, vacuum-polarization induced, running of Newton’s constant G. The resulting long distance (or large time) behaviour depends on only one adjustable parameter ξ, and the implications for the Robertso...

We provide an efficient algorithm for calculating, at appropriately chosen points on the two-dimensional surface of the unit sphere in R, the values of functions that are specified by their spherical harmonic expansions (a procedure known as the inverse spherical harmonic transform). We also provide an efficient algorithm for calculating the coefficients in the spherical harmonic expansions of ...

The spherical ensemble is a well-studied determinantal process with a fixed number of points on S. The points of this process correspond to the generalized eigenvalues of two appropriately chosen random matrices, mapped to the surface of the sphere by stereographic projection. This model can be considered as a spherical analogue for other random matrix models on the unit circle and complex plan...

Improper design involving the intaglio surfaces of the pontics can lead to food impaction, plaque accumulation and a subsequent severe inflammatory tissue response. Proper choice of pontic material and design is a crucial determinant ensuring clinical success of fixed partial dentures. This article elucidates restorative and comprehensive management of pontic induced hyperplastic gingival enlar...

a simple and rapid method has been developed for the determination of ascorbic acid in fruit and pharmaceutical products. the method is based on the measurement of the reaction rate between ammonium molybdate and ascorbic acid in acidic media. the reaction was monitored spectrophotometrically at 800 nm by fixed-time and variable-time methods. the calibration graph was linear in the range of 5 0...