transportation is an important part of modern community life as well as one of the largest sources of greenhouse gas emissions in urban communities, the population growth of which can increase transportation capacity. monorail systems are relatively new rail transportation systems which are currently being designed and constructed in different countries. we have applied the intergovernmental pa...

background: human echinostomiasis is an intestinal disease caused by the members of family echinostomatidae parasites. the aim of present research was to identify echinos­tomatidae cercariae emitted by lymnaea palustris snails from mazandaran province in the north of iran based on the morphological and morphometrical charac­teristics of the different stages of experimental parasite life cycle. ...

the supercapacitive behavior of polyaniline/mno2-carbon black (pani/mno2-cb), mno2-cb nanocompositesand cb was studied. mno2-cb made by the in situ direct coating method to deposit mno2 onto cb; then pani coating was coated on it. morphology of the nanocomposite was studied by x-ray diffraction (xrd), fourier transform infrared (ft-ir) spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy (sem). the el...

escalating development of tourism and petroleum industries in small islands such as lavan-iranrequires sound solid waste management. in the present investigation, three scenarios which consist of thecombination of landfill, recycling, incineration and composting and their environmental impacts have beenevaluated for 7514 kg/day of waste generation in lavan island. for this purpose, life cycle a...

We develop theory to show board composition and, consequently firm performance are a reflection of the firm’s life cycle stage and the relative power of the CEO and external financiers at the time of founding. This theory provides insight into the predictive validity of agency, resource dependence, institutional and social network theories. We also argue that boards are subject to path dependen...

We study a dynamic model of firm whose shareholders learn about its profitability and, face costs external financing and holding cash. The shareholders' problem involves notoriously challenging singular stochastic control with two-dimensional degenerate diffusion process. solve it by means an explicit construction value function, derive corporate life-cycle two stages: “probation stage” where i...

We study the investment and nancing policies of public U.S. rms. Large rms substitute between debtand equity nancing over the business cycle whereas small rms' nancing policy for debt and equity is pro-cyclical. This paper proposes a novel mechanism that explains these cyclical patterns in a quantitative heterogeneous rm industry model with endogenous rm dynamics. We nd that cross-sectional di ...