ues, ecosystem managers can use GIS to narrow options to a sparially feasible set, More importantly, sensitivity analysis can be performed on critical assumptions, allowing managers tofocus on pivotal areas of uncertainty. Fire is both part and partner in ecosystem management. Fire plays a significant role in the dynamics of forest ecosystems throughout the world; both wildfires and prescribed ...

A typical application field of Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) is the collection of environmental data, which is sent to a base station. Routing protocols are needed to efficiently direct the information flows to the base station. Since sensor nodes have strict energy constraints, data gathering and communication schemes for WSNs need to be designed for an efficient utilization of the available...

Thermal ionization of alkali species emitted from thermally decomposing vegetative matter into the combustion zone of a fire makes the zone a weakly ionized gaseous medium. Collision between the medium electrons and neutral flame particles is a dominant form of particle interaction and incident microwave energy absorption process. Electromagnetic wave absorption properties of vegetation fire ha...

This work examines an application of Augmented Reality (AR) for architectural education and fire prevention training for Korean Traditional Buildings. In February 2008, the Namdaemun Gate (Korean National Treasure N o 1) burned down, despite efforts of many firemen, as the main difficulty was getting fire under control without any structural knowledge of wooden buildings. Hence, in state of the...

Factors affecting wildland-fire size distribution include weather, fuels, and fire suppression activities. We present a novel application of survival analysis to quantify the effects of these factors on a sample of sizes of lightning-caused fires from Alberta, Canada. Two events were observed for each fire: the size at initial assessment (by the first fire fighters to arrive at the scene) and t...

Fire fighters often work in dangerous and dynamic environments, which results in frequent change of network topologies and routing requirements. While the existing routing protocols are not able to cope with such a changeable environment, this paper proposes a self adaptive hybrid routing algorithm. This routing algorithm can switch between the proactive routing algorithm and reactive routing a...