Many networks are worked with and viewed as static objects while this often isn’t the case. Oftentimes, they change over time as new nodes are added and connections are made. One such class of networks that evolve over time are citation networks, networks that show how different authors or papers reference each other. As new papers are published and added to the network, the structure and impor...

The Clostridia are a diverse group of gram-positive, rod-shaped anaerobes that include several toxin-producing pathogens (notably C. difSiciZe, C. botulinum, C. tetuni, and C. perfringens) and a large number of terrestrial species that produce acetone, butanol, ethanol, isopropanol, and organic acids through fermentation of a variety of carbon ~ o u r c e s ~ ~ . Isolates of C. ucetobutylicum w...

The standard notation for modelling software systems is the Unified Modelling Language (UML). This consists of a suite of mainly diagrammatic notations. However, UML’s constraint language, OCL, is entirely textual, making the notation less accessible to practitioners. The Reasoning with Diagrams project aims to build the foundation for more accessible notations for practitioners, building on an...

The researchers made significant progress in all of the proposed research areas. The first major task in the proposal involved simulation-based and sampling methods for global optimization. In support of this task, we have discovered two new innovative approaches to simulation-based global optimization; the first involves connections between stochastic approximation and our model reference appr...

Work Package One: Opal Open Compiler Infrastructure. Opal is a new, extensible and modular compiler framework. The front-end is based on the notion of dynamically composable parsers [21] and a high-level code representation based on an AST (abstract syntax tree) with code transformation support [23]. The backend is based on an intermediate representation of byte code. Such a high-level represen...

When a small microphone is fitted into an ear canal, one might find that the sound picked up by the microphone would consist of more than just background noise. These detectable sound emissions generated from the inner ear have been named spontaneous otoacoustic emissions or SPOAEs since their discovery by a British engineer named David Kemp in 1977. Since their discovery, otoacoustic emissions...