Dried figs are one of the horticultural products that require sorting in the postharvest stage in order to be presented to the market. In Iran, figs are graded manually by professional workers or automatically by mechanical machines. This paper presents a new algorithm based on machine vision technology applicable to be installed in the fig sorting machines. In the presented methodology, image ...

The intimate mutualism between fig wasps and figs has long captivated biologists, and new phylogenies are now uncovering its evolutionary history. Fig-pollinating wasps evolved just once, but fig parasitism has evolved repeatedly and convergently. Figs and their pollinators appear to have co-speciated considerably, but not invariably, because the famous one-to-one rule of specificity is often b...

Syconia of figs (Moraceae: Ficus spp.) harbour many wasp species, mostly belonging to several genera of chalcidoids (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea). In contrast, only two genera of Braconidae (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonoidea) with a few known species are found in syconia belonging to the subgenus Urostigma. The braconid fig wasps have an infrequent occurrence with low population density and are rarely ...

Souring of the figs was not noticed in the early part of the season, but began later to a limited extent when showers occurred. When the Smyrna figs ripen the ostiolum opens wide and remains open so that a match can easily be inserted and often moderate-sized insects can enter and feed on the sugar. Some of them are caught in the sticky sap and die within the fig. When the figs are ripe and fal...

Unfortunately, due to omissions in the proof of paper, Figs. 10(c), 16, 22, 27(a) and (b), 30 have some mistakes that confuse normal reading.

This erratum reports corrections to the temporal axes in Figs. 12 and 13 of J. Opt. Soc. Am. B 39 , 662 ( 2022 ) JOBPDE 0740-3224 10.1364/JOSAB.444574 .

Analysis of the clinical cases (Figs. 1 to 27) suggested that the injuries could be classified into five types (Table I). This classification was confirmed by experiment (Figs. 28 to 40). A review of sixty radiographs previously published showed that all but three could be classified within this scheme. Cases 1 5 and 17 in the present series are not typical, but a reasonable approximation could...

Differences in the mechanism of ethylene emanation of Ficus sycomorus L. during various stages of the fruit development were investigated by enclosing the figs in jars. Two distinct patterns of ethylene emanation were found. Pattern a. in stages not capable of ripening, neither spontaneously nor as a result of physiological treatment (nonripening stages A and C), ethylene concentration in the j...