Episiotomy consists of incising the perineum to widen birth canal, and its practice was historically introduced in 18th century (1742) by Sir Fielding Ould 1 , an Irish obstetrician, help fetal head delivery difficult births. 2 In 1847, Dubois suggested performing oblique incision perineum, modernly known as mediolateral episiotomy (Figure 2). However, procedure did not gain popularity 19th due...

Published Alcohol Electronic Screening and Brief Intervention A Community Guide Systematic Review Kristin A. Tansil, MSW, Marissa B. Esser, PhD, MPH, Paramjit Sandhu, MD, MPH, Jeffrey A. Reynolds, MPH, Randy W. Elder, PhD, MEd, Rebecca S. Williamson, MPH, Sajal K. Chattopadhyay, PhD, Michele K. Bohm, MPH, Robert D. Brewer, MD, MSPH, Lela R. McKnight-Eily, PhD, Daniel W. Hungerford, DrPH, Traci ...

Introduction Over the past five years, VoxTec, a division of Marine Acoustics, Inc., teaming with SRI International, has developed and refined and fielded the Phraselator, a handheld oneway voice-to-voice phrase-based language translator. The Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA) and a DARPA Small Business Innovative Research (SBIR) grant have funded the research and development and...

Agile projects are showing greater promise in rapid fielding as compared to waterfall projects. However, there is a lack of clarity regarding what really constitutes and contributes to success. We interviewed project teams with incremental development lifecycles, from five government and commercial organizations, to gain a better understanding of success and failure factors for rapid fielding o...

This paper extends the model of Fielding (1999), which is designed to explain changes in investment in South Africa during the Apartheid period, by allowing a role for indicators of political instability and political and civil rights, as measured by Fedderke et al. (1999). The conclusions based on estimation of the original model are robust to the inclusion of the political factors, but these ...

1.1 The Challenge A number of DoD organizations are responding to the DoD Evolutionary Acquisition initiative in DoDI 5000.2 [1] by organizing evolutionary increments of capability around the objective of developing and fielding each increment within a fixed schedule (frequently 18 or 24 months) or fixed budget. Examples are new capabilities or major upgrades for such software-intensive systems...

ion is a key principle in software engineering (Fielding 2000). For computer scientists, architecture is the overall concept that drives the choice of system parts, the specification of interfaces between parts and the constraints on performance of parts and the system. This approach enables easier adjustment of a design as technology improves or as performance requirements change (Gifford and ...

The IRAF nessie Reduction Package is specialized for the extraction, flat fielding, fiber throughput correction, wavelength calibration, and sky subtraction of Nessie fiber spectra. It contains the general tools needed for each reduction step. However, the main emphasis of this package is to streamline the complete reduction of Nessie data by combining all the steps into a single task called do...