Based upon the standard IEEE 1309, a new calibration method for electromagnetic (EM) probes is proposed. The aforementioned method compares the electric field strength measured with the EM probe subject to calibration with the E-field intensity calculated through a linear interpolation of the corrected measurement using a reference EM probe. The corrected measurement results are computed by mea...

Misinterpretation of uncertainty in the measurement of the electromagnetic field (EMF) strength may lead to an underestimation of exposure risk or an overestimation of required measurements. The Guide to the Expression of Uncertainty in Measurement (GUM) has internationally been adopted as a de facto standard for uncertainty assessment. However, analyses under such an approach commonly assume u...

Fully softened shear strength mobilized in first-time slope failures, introduced by Skempton 1970, corresponds to a random edge-face arrangement and interaction of clay particles an entirely destructured fabric stiff clays shales. A series triaxial compression tests was conducted on reconstituted normally consolidated specimens 15 shale compositions. Based the laboratory results empirical corre...

in this study, the effects of strength and direction of the magnetic field on lid-driven cavity flow in the whole range of magnetic field strength variations, which already used in practice up to present (0 to 10 tesla), are studied. the governing equations, including conservative equations of momentum, continuity and magnetic field equations were solved numerically. momentum and continuity equ...

Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) are widely used techniques across numerous disciplines. While typically implemented at fields >1T, there has been continuous interest in the methods at much lower fields for reasons of cost, material contrast, or application. There have been numerous demonstrations of MR at much lower fields (from 1μT to 1mT), the so-called u...

the effects of pulsed electric field (pef) on the cell disintegration of sugar beet were studied. field strength (0.5kv/cm to 6kv/cm), pulse number (1 to 100 pulses) and capacity of capacitors (0.5 f to 32 f) were evaluated on degree of cell disintegration and consumed energy in pef treatment. the field conditions of 1 and 2 kv/cm, 8 f with 20 and 10 pulses respectively disintegrated the cel...

We introduce the conditional probability to consider consecutive measurements of photon number and quantum phase of a single mode. Let P be the conditional probability to measure the phase α with precision ∆α, given a previous measurement of k photons with precision ∆k. Two upper bounds of the probability P are derived. For arbitrary given precisions ∆k and ∆α, these bounds refer to the variati...

A partial decrease of the convective energy by the magnetic field of a sunspot causes the temperature of the magnetized plasma to decrease and this leads to a magneto-hydrostatic equilibrium. Thus, we expect a strong relation between magnetic field strength of a sunspot and its temperature/brightness. Here, we investigate this relation in the umbra of the large sunspot in NOAA10930 using spectr...

Field methods for evaluating wood decay and termite attack lack a means for quantitative measurement of weight loss or residual strength. Quantitative relationships between speed of impact-induced waves travelling parallel to the grain and residual compressive strength have been demonstrated in softwood attacked by brown-rot fungi, but such quantitative relationships have not been developed bet...