‎the frobenius complement of a given frobenius group acts on its kernel‎. ‎the scheme which is arisen from the orbitals of this action is called ferrero pair scheme‎. ‎in this paper‎, ‎we show that the fibers of a ferrero pair scheme consist of exactly one singleton fiber and every two fibers with more than one point have the same cardinality‎. ‎moreover‎, ‎it is shown that the restriction of a...

Wood is a porous three dimensional, hydroscopic, viscoelastic, anisotropic bio-polymer composite composed of an interconnecting matrix of cellulose, hemicelluloses and lignin with minor amounts of inorganic elements and organic extractives. Some, but not all, of the cell wall polymer hydroxyl groups are accessible to moisture and these accessible hydroxyls form hydrogen bonds with water. As the...

Repetition-rate multiplication has been shown by use of a fiber ring oscillator with a semiconductor optical amplifier as the gain medium and by use of fast saturation and recovery of the amplifier from an external optical pulse train. Repetition-frequency multiplication up to 6 times and up to 34.68-GHz frequency have been achieved.

The goal of the current study is to determine the optimal level of advertising beyond which advertising expenditure will not be justified by revenues. To achieve the goal first different types of media were rated by experts as to the degree of their importance. Then data ware collected by interviewing the managers and reviewing different media resources. The collected data were then analyze...

The difficulty of fusion splicing hollow-core photonic bandgap fiber (PBGF) to conventional step index single mode fiber (SMF) has severely limited the implementation of PBGFs. To make PBGFs more functional we have developed a method for splicing a hollow-core PBGF to a SMF using a commercial arc splicer. A repeatable, robust, low-loss splice between the PBGF and SMF is demonstrated. By filling...

Saturable absorption in bismuth-doped glasses was found to have a noticeable influence on soliton interaction and group formation. This phenomenon, observed in 1450 nm mode-locked bismuth-doped fiber laser, shows the distinct feature of the multiple pulse regime, which appears as a stationary pulse group whose length can be spread over the whole cavity length by variation of the pump power and ...

Nonlinearities due to photodetector saturation limit the maximum dynamic range achievable in short fiber optic links. We demonstrate an adaptive method for photodetector linearization using a monolithic CMOS polynomial generator. Improvements of 16 dB and 5.1 dB are achieved in the 2 and 3 order limited dynamic ranges, respectively.

To probe exocytosis at a cortical glutamatergic synapse, we made capacitance measurements in whole-cell recorded hippocampal mossy fiber terminals. Evaluation of different methods by using a morphology-based equivalent electrical model revealed that quantitative capacitance measurements are possible in this presynaptic structure. Voltage pulses leading to presynaptic Ca2+ inflow evoked large ca...

Distributed optical fiber sensors (DOFS) allow for distributed strain sensing and can be installed to function as extensometers measuring point-displacements. This paper discusses the metrics of optimal selection point-displacement measuring. Key include physical structure, mechanical parameters light transmission coefficients. Calibration tests verification properties are designed results four...