INTRODUCTION I N A RECENT study of primitive erythroblasts,’ it was shown that cytoplasmic areas originaLy interpreted as hyaloplasm by hematologists actually represent negative images of underlying cell organoids-mitochondria and Golgi elements. This finding immediately unfolded many interesting problems concerning erythoblasts in general, especially since it was shown that cell organoids may ...

C O N T E N T S ABBREVIATIONS I. Tin,on3 HORMONE MECHANISMS A. Calorigenic and anabolic effects B. Thyroid hormone entry into cells II. LIPID METAeOLISM A. Cell lipid composition B. Fatty acid synthesis 1. Protein phosphorylation-dephosphorylation 2. Gene expression C. NADPH generation and oxidation 1. Cytoplasm: NADP+--*NADPH 2. Mitochondria: NADP + + NADH,NADPH + NAD + 3. Microsomes: NADPH-*N...

Dear editor, Apoptosis is a fundamental biochemical cell-death pathway that plays important roles in various physiological and pathological processes during fetal development and in adult tissues. In the intrinsic pathway, a number of death stimuli engage the apoptotic machinery by causing release of cytochrome c from mitochondria, which in turn induces recruitment of caspase-9 into an apoptoso...

edaravone, an antioxidant and radical scavenger, showed protective effects against oxidative stress-like condition. paraquat (pq) is a toxic herbicide considerable evidence suggests that oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction contribute to pq toxicity. in this study, protective effect of edaravone against pq induced toxicity and reactive oxygen species (ros) generation in a549 cells and...

Calcium (Ca 2+ ) is a second messenger essential for cellular homeostasis. Inside the cell, Ca compartmentalized and exchanged among organelles in response to both external internal stimuli. Mitochondria‐associated membranes (MAMs) provide platform proteins channels involved transfer between endoplasmic reticulum (ER) mitochondria. Deregulated signaling regulating ER–mitochondria interactions h...

BACKGROUND Gene-environment interactions mediate through the placenta and shape the fetal brain development. Between the environmental determinants of the fetal brain, maternal psychosocial stress in pregnancy has been shown to negatively influence the infant temperament development. This in turn may have adverse consequences on the infant neurodevelopment extending throughout the entire life-s...

Recent research on respiratory chain of the parasitic helminth, Ascaris suum has shown that the mitochondrial NADH-fumarate reductase system (fumarate respiration), which is composed of complex I (NADH-rhodoquinone reductase), rhodoquinone and complex II (rhodoquinol-fumarate reductase) plays an important role in the anaerobic energy metabolism of adult parasites inhabiting hosts. The enzymes i...

Human pluripotent stem cells derived cardiomyocytes (PSC-CMs) have been widely used for disease modeling, drug safety screening, and preclinical cell therapy to regenerate myocardium. Most studies have utilized PSC-CM grown in vitro for a relatively short period after differentiation. These PSC-CMs demonstrated structural, electrophysiological, and mechanical features of primitive cardiomyocyte...

Edaravone, an antioxidant and radical scavenger, showed protective effects against oxidative stress-like condition. Paraquat (PQ) is a toxic herbicide considerable evidence suggests that oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction contribute to PQ toxicity. In this study, protective effect of edaravone against PQ induced toxicity and reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation in A549 cells and...

Objective(s): Arsenic, a toxic metal in drinking water and butyric acid (BA) is a free fatty acid found in many foods. These two can induce oxidative stress in some tissues. The present study investigated the protective effect of metformin against toxicity induced by Arsenic (As) and BA in isolated mice liver mitochondria and pancreatic islets. Materials and Methods: In this study, liver mitoch...