Amasanti and colleagues consider female genital mutilation in the UK, how overly intrusive efforts to help might make the problem worse, and how best to move forwards.

Like fingerprints, genitalia are unique from person to person, including those who are intersex. Someone with an intersex condition could have external genitalia that are ambiguous or their genitalia might be different from their genetic sex. They could have female genitalia on the outside but be genetically male, they may have both testes and ovaries, or they may have some other combination wh...

Solenoxyphus kazakhstanicus sp. n. is described from the vicinity of Dzhezkazgan, Western Kazakhstan. The generic name Voruchia Reuter, 1879 is synonymized with Solenoxyphus Reuter, 1875. Illustrations of the male and female genitalia, photographs of the dorsal habitus, host, and distributional records are given for the new species and S. vittiger comb. nov., the type species of Voruchia. Femal...

Early exposure to androgens is necessary to organize male phenotype, and inhibition of androgen signaling adversely affects external genitalia development. Nonetheless, vertebrates that remain sexually plastic as adults require mechanisms that induce changes and prevent fixation of genital morphology. In Lythrypnus dalli, a highly social hermaphroditic fish, sex differences in genitalia morphol...

Sex determination in infants and children with ambiguous genitalia usually necessitates time-consuming and costly karyotyping .We have evaluated a simple,rapid and reliable method of postnatal sex determination by amplification of X and Y specific microsatellite markers DXS6797 and SRY respectively by polymerase chain reaction(PCR). Three probands M78, M59 and M61 with ambiguous genitalia were ...

Oxyptilus eleaneraesp. n., is described from New Mexico, Arizona, and Southwest Texas, and compared with the only other Oxyptilus occurring in the Nearctic Region, O. delawaricus Zeller. A redescription is provided for O. delawaricus. Adults and male and female genitalia are illustrated for both species. Key morphological characters, distributions, and relationships within the genus are discussed.

Masculinisation of internal and external genitalia during foetal development depends on the existence of two discrete testicular hormones: Leydig cell-secreted testosterone drives the differentiation of the Wolffian ducts, the urogenital sinus and the external genitalia, whereas Sertoli cell-produced anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH) provokes the regression of Müllerian ducts. The absence of AMH act...

The term 'female genital mutilation' refers to a range of irreversible procedures that alter the anatomy of a woman's genitalia. It is estimated that 132 million women worldwide have undergone such procedures, and a significant number are now living in the UK. Health care professionals need to understand the physical consequences of these procedures and the cultural issues surrounding them if t...

A new Anagnorisma species, Anagnorisma chamrani sp. n., is described from Binaloud Mountains of Khorasan-e-Razavi province in north-eastern Iran, and compared with its sister species, Anagnorisma eucratides (Boursin, 1960). The adults, and male and female genitalia of both species are illustrated in 11 figures. The genus Anagnorisma is recorded for the first time for the fauna of Iran.

Seven new species of Anchastus LeConte, 1853 are described: A. brunneifinibus sp. nov. (Bolivia), A. cuiabanus sp. nov. (Brazil), A. flavonigrothoracicum sp. nov. (Bolivia), A. rubrithoracicum sp. nov. (Brazil, Bolivia), A. thoracoferrugineus sp. nov. (Bolivia), A. transverseplagiatus sp. nov. (Bolivia) and A. uniplagipennis sp. nov. (Bolivia). The female genitalia of A. boulardi Chassain, 2010...