نتایج جستجو برای: fel
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The design and performance of a soft X-ray free-electron laser (FEL) beamline of the SPring-8 Compact free-electron LAser (SACLA) are described. The SPring-8 Compact SASE Source test accelerator, a prototype machine of SACLA, was relocated to the SACLA undulator hall for dedicated use for the soft X-ray FEL beamline. Since the accelerator is operated independently of the SACLA main linac that d...
INTRODUCTION Leishmaniasis is a disease caused by the protozoan Leishmania that resides mainly in mononuclear phagocytic system tissues. Pentavalent antimonials are the main treatment option, although these drugs have toxic side effects and high resistance rates. A potentially alternative and more effective therapeutic strategy is to use liposomes as carriers of the antileishmanial agents. The ...
The Feedback Error Learning (FEL) was found to be applicable to joint angle control by FES in our previous study. However, the inverse dynamics model (IDM) in the FEL-FES controller was not learned appropriately in some cases. In this paper, 4 methods of applying the FEL to FES control were compared in controlling 1-DOF movement of the wrist joint stimulating 2 muscles through computer simulati...
A three-dimensional analysis of radiation generation in a free-electron laser (FEL) is performed in the small signal regime. The analysis includes beam conditioning, harmonic generation, flat beams, and a new scaling of the FEL equations using the six-dimensional beam brightness. The six-dimensional beam brightness is an invariant under Liouvillian flow; therefore, any nondissipative manipulati...
Fermi is a seeded FEL operating in high-gain harmonic generation mode. The FEL layout is constituted by a modulator and six radiators separated by a dispersive section. The modulator and the radiators can be tuned to the same resonant frequency to set up an asymmetric optical klystron configuration where self-amplified spontaneous emission can be generated and studied. This paper presents the e...
Recently the SSRL/SLAC and its collaborators elsewhere have considered[1] the merits of a 2 to 4-nm high power FEL utilizing the SLAC linac electron beam. The FEL would be a single pass amplifier excited by spontaneous emission rather than an oscillator, in order to eliminate the need for a soft X-ray resonant cavity. We have used GINGER, a multifrequency 2D FEL simulation code, to study the ex...
The major cat allergen, Fel d 1, is a structurally complex protein with two N-glycosylation sites that may be filled by different glycoforms. In addition, the protein contains three putative Ca2+ binding sites. Since the impact of these Fel d 1 structure modifications on the protein dynamics, physiology and pathology are not well established, the present work employed computational biology tech...
We present the experimental demonstration of a new scheme for the generation of ultrashort pulse trains based on free-electron-laser (FEL) emission from a multipeaked electron energy distribution. Two electron beamlets with energy difference larger than the FEL parameter ρ have been generated by illuminating the cathode with two ps-spaced laser pulses, followed by a rotation of the longitudinal...
Experimental results are presented from vacuum-ultraviolet free-electron laser (FEL) operating in the self-amplified spontaneous emission (SASE) mode. The generation of ultrashort radiation pulses became possible due to specific tailoring of the bunch charge distribution. A complete characterization of the linear and nonlinear modes of the SASE FEL operation was performed. At saturation the FEL...
The self-amplified, spontaneous emission free-electron laser (SASE FEL) gain process is a collective instability which induces microbunching in the electron beam. Microbunching approaching unity at the fundamental FEL wavelength (845 nm), and its second harmonic, have been measured at the VISA FEL, at or near saturation. These measurements, which use the beam's coherent transition radiation (CT...
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