Avakyan, A. A. (Academy of Medical Sciences, Moscow, USSR), L. N. Katz, K. N. Levina, and I. B. Pavlova. Structure and composition of the Bacillus anthracis capsule. J. Bacteriol. 90:1082-1095. 1965.-Observations by various methods of light microscopy (phase contrast, dark-field, and fluorescence) revealed the complex structure of the Bacillus anthracis capsule, which changes regularly during t...

Adversarial attacks have been shown to construct examples that drastically reduce the performance of classification models. One recently proposed defense against adversarial attacks is to discretize the input in a method called thermometer encoding. We apply thermometer encoding to capsule networks, a recently proposed computer vision architecture that has also demonstrated state-ofthe-art resi...

Cryptococcal meningitis caused by Cryptococcus neoformans, is a common opportunistic neural infection in immunocompromised individuals. Cryptococcus meningitis is associated with fungal burden with larger capsule size in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). To understand the role of CSF constituents in capsule enlargement, we have evaluated the effect of artificial CSF on capsule induction in comparison ...

A Nd:YAG laser photodisruption is a wellestablished tool for intraocular surgery, such as treatment of posterior capsule opacification that affects the visual function. During the intraocular procedure, called laser capsulotomy, the excitation pulse is focused several times just behind the posterior capsule and intraocular lens to create the central opening in the opacified capsule. We built an...

BACKGROUND AND STUDY AIM Capsule endoscopy is becoming well established as a diagnostic technique for the gastrointestinal tract. Nevertheless swallowable capsule devices that can effectively perform surgical and therapeutic interventions have not yet been developed. Such devices would also be a valuable support for natural orifice transluminal endoscopic surgery (NOTES). The objective of this ...

The current study focuses on the development of a finite element model of the hip capsule ligament to represent the joint between the femur and the pelvis. The finite element model of the hip capsule is represented as comprising of eight sectors, consisting of the important ligaments in those regions of the capsule. The geometric parameters for the capsule are determined from available literatu...

In this work we perform experiments with the recently published work on Capsule Networks. Capsule Networks have been shown to deliver state of the art performance for MNIST and claim to have greater discriminative power than Convolutional Neural Networks for special tasks, such as recognizing overlapping digits. The authors of Capsule Networks have evaluated datasets with low number of categori...

Acinetobacter baumannii is a pathogen of increasing medical importance with a propensity to be multidrug resistant, thereby making treatment challenging. Little is known of virulence traits in A. baumannii. To identify virulence factors and potential drug targets, random transposon (Tn) mutants derived from the A. baumannii strain AB307-0294 were screened to identify genes essential for growth ...

INTRODUCTION Perforation caused by capsule endoscopy impaction is extremely rare and, at present, only five cases of perforation from capsule endoscopy impaction are reported in the literature. CASE PRESENTATION We report here two cases of patients with undiagnosed small bowel stenosis presenting with acute perforation after capsule endoscopy. Strictures in the small bowel were likely the inc...

Cryptococcus neoformans is a common environmental yeast and opportunistic pathogen responsible for 15% of AIDS-related deaths worldwide. Mortality primarily results from meningoencephalitis, which occurs when fungal cells disseminate to the brain from the initial pulmonary infection site. A key C. neoformans virulence trait is the polysaccharide capsule. Capsule shields C. neoformans from immun...