CONTENTS INTRODUCTION . . 210 CHEMISTRY O F T A N N I N S . . . 210 OCCURRENCE O F T A N N I N S . . 211 G E N E R A L . . . 211 T A N N I N S IN CEREALS A N D LEGUME SEEDS . . 213 N A T U R A L FUNCTION O F T A N N I N S . . 215 T A N N I N ANALYSIS . . 215 COLORIMETRIC METHODS . . 215 Vanillin assay . . 215 Folin Denis assay . . 216 Prussian blue assay . . 216 Acid butanol assay . . 216 P R O...

For ruminants, the microbial population existing in the rumen breaks down feed ingredients offered to the animal. This population must be healthy and viable to permit maximum utilization of feed ingredients. Because ruminants evolved mainly as forage feeders, factors that disrupt population of cellulolytic microorganisms will result in reduced utilization of nutrients -primarily, energy and pro...

This study determined the apparent and standardized ileal amino acids digestibility (AID or SID) for growing pigs fed three protein feedstuffs with different fiber types at two dietary crude protein (CP) levels. Twenty boars (Yorkshire × Landrace) with 35 kg body weight and fitted with a simple T-cannula at the distal ileum were used. The treatments were three protein feedstuffs [soybean meal (...

Introduction: There are a lot of fungi in our environment which grow and reproduce if the heat and humidity are suitable. Aspergillus flavus and parasilicus are among the most important food contaminants and have major roles in food poisoning. These fungi secrete poisons which contaminate feedstuffs as well as the milk we get from the animals fed with them. Because of the dire effects of thes...

Two experiments were conducted to determine: first, the best time of excreta collection after force feeding of broilers to yield the maximal amount of excreta, and second, nitrogen-corrected true metabolizable energy contents of some poultry feedstuffs including yellow corn, soybean meal, corn gluten meal, canola meal and poultry by-product meal by a new precision-fed chick assay using 3-week-o...

Thirty-three standard mycotoxins were assayed by thin-layer chromatography and by cytotoxicity in HEp-2 and Chang cells. Various levels of detection were found. The cytotoxicity test was significantly more sensitive than thin-layer chromatography for the trichothecenes and should be useful for screening extracts from animal feedstuffs for the presence of unknown mycotoxins.

Accurate determination of the moisture (water) content in individual feed ingredients and mixed feeds is critical throughout the feed industry. Most analytical methods used to determine apparent water content of feedstuffs are empirical, estimating water by evaporation and loss of weight on drying (oven drying methods). These methods differ greatly in effectiveness, resulting in bias. Bias asso...

Several methods were used for the evaluation of feed protein for rumen degradability and intestinal digestibility of rumen undegraded protein (RUP). The aim of this work was to explore the possibility of using the Cornell method of predicting the fraction RUP. An in situ method was adopted for estimation of degradability parameters (a, b, c) and effective degradable crude protein (EDCP), and fi...