We examine multinationals’ optimal entry modes into foreign markets as a function of market size, FDI fixed costs, tariffs and transport costs. Our results highlight why large countries are more likely to attract acquisition investment, while intermediate sized countries may be served predominantly through trade, even in the presence of high tariffs. Small countries are most likely to experienc...

Recent literature on multinational firms has stressed the importance of low productivity as a barrier to the cross-border expansion of firms. However, firms typically also need external finance to finance the costs of market entry. In addition to productivity-related real barriers, financial constraints may thus restrict market entry. Building on a model of multinational firms facing real and f...

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This study examines the factors affecting the propensity of firms to engage in cross border activities in a world of increasing returns. A model connecting outward FDI from the US with a set of firm-specific advantages is estimated on samples of industries dominated by increasing and diminishing return processes. Wymbs and Luisa Corrado on earlier drafts are gratefully acknowledged.

This paper aims at empirically exploring the relationships between existing object-oriented coupling, cohesion, and inheritance measures and the probability of fault detection in system classes during testing. The underlying goal of such a study is to better understand the relationship between existing design measurement in OO systems and the quality of the software developed. Results show that...

This paper presents a novel immune inspired algorithm, named DERA (Dynamic Effector Regulatory Algorithm), aimed at fault detection and other anomaly detection problems. It integrates immunological research results, pointing out the importance of a special breed of cells (regulatory T cells) in the control of various aspects of the immune system, and includes a mechanism for signalling between ...

This paper deals with the Robust Fault Detection (RFD) problem for multilinear affine uncertain systems and proposes an approach to solve it. Convex Minkowski combinations are used to compute as precisely as possible uncertainty sets according to the parameters variations in a fault-free context. Faults to be detected are characterized either by a parameter change outside its definition interva...

In this paper, fault detection problems for linear uncertain systems are studied. Instead of designing fault detection systems from the viewpoint of increasing the system robustness against unknown inputs and the sensitivity to the faults, an approach is proposed, which allows us to design fault detection systems in such a way that the missed detection rate is minimized for a given false alarm ...

Wireless sensor networks (WSNs) consist of a large number of sensor nodes which are capable of sensing different environmental phenomena and sending the collected data to the base station or Sink. Since sensor nodes are made of cheap components and are deployed in remote and uncontrolled environments, they are prone to failure; thus, maintaining a network with its proper functions even when und...