The rate of fatty acid synthesis in hepatocytes from meal-fed rats was manipulated over a wide range using glucose, lactate, and pyruvate to drive the system maximally, and glucagon, 5-(tetradecyloxy)-2-furoic acid (RMI 14,514), or a combination of both agents to inhibit lipogenesis. Measurements were made of cellular malonyl-CoA levels, long chain acylcarnitine concentration, and [l-‘4C]oleate...

Consumer demands for food products enriched with healthful n-3 fatty acids are steadily increasing. Feeding marine byproducts may provide an economical means of increasing the long-chain n-3 content of broiler tissues. A study was conducted to evaluate the effect of dietary lobster meal (LM) on the color and fatty acid profile of broiler chicken fatty tissue. Broilers were fed increasing levels...

We studied the effects of preexercise meal composition on metabolic and performance-related variables during endurance exercise. Eight well-trained cyclists (maximal oxygen uptake 65.0 to 83.5 ml . kg-1 . min-1) were studied on three occasions after an overnight fast. They were given isoenergetic meals containing carbohydrate (CHO), protein (P), and fat (F) in the following amounts (g/70 kg bod...

We have measured rates of ketogenesis and malonyl-CoA contents of hepatocytes isolated from meal-fed rats under a variety of incubation conditions in order to determine the relationship between the intracellular malonyl-CoA level and the rate of ketogenesis. Evidence obtained from rat liver homogenates suggested that malonyl-CoA, which is a major determinant of fatty acid synthesis in vivo, als...

Short chain fatty acids (SCFAs) are produced following the fermentation of soluble fibre by gut bacteria. In animal models, both dietary fibre and SCFAs have demonstrated anti-inflammatory effects via the activation of free fatty acid receptors, such as G protein-coupled receptor 41 and 43 (GPR41 and GPR43). This pilot study examined the acute effect of a single dose of soluble fibre on airway ...

A polymorphism in FABP2 that results in an alanine-to-threonine substitution at amino acid 54 of the intestinal fatty acid-binding protein (IFABP) is associated with insulin resistance in Pima Indians. In vitro, the threonine form (Thr54) has a higher binding affinity for long-chain fatty acids than does the alanine form (Ala54). We tested whether this polymorphism affected metabolic responses ...

Following the ban of synthetic antibiotics as antimicrobial agents and growth promoters, poultry nutritionists are now trying to find antibiotic substitutes. Agro-industrial by-products are abundant in tropical countries and have been used as the alternatives to conventional feedstuffs in poultry rations. These by-products are also known to contain several bioactive compounds such as oligosacch...

The aim of this study was to determine the most optimal heating time in protection of protein rich feedstuff on digestibility and in vitro ruminal fermentation profile. Proteinous feedstuffs used in this study is soybean meal (Glycine max). This study is designed using one way ANOVA, with five treatments of heating time (T0 (control)= unheated, T1= 10 min, T2= 20 min, T3= 30 m...

The rise in blood glucose after lunch is less if breakfast has been eaten. The metabolic basis of this second-meal phenomenon remains uncertain. We hypothesized that storage of ingested glucose as glycogen could be responsible during the post-meal suppression of plasma NEFAs (non-esterified fatty acids; 'free' fatty acids). In the present study we determined the metabolic basis of the second-me...

Postprandial metabolic response depends on the meals' components and can be different in normal weight and obese people. However, there are some discrepancies between various reports. The aim of this study was to determine the metabolic response after intake of standardised meals with various fat and carbohydrate contents and to determine the differences among normal weight and overweight/obese...