T paper examines the health of farm workers in the United States. Although farm workers constitute a small fraction of the overall U.S. workforce, their health is of special concern because of greater exposure to toxic chemicals, work-related injuries, and other occupational hazards. The U.S. agricultural sector is heavily dependent on hired farm workers who constitute about 30% of the agricult...

Introduction Direct energy expenses (diesel, gasoline, propane, electricity) total more than $1 billion annually for Iowa’s farmers. Day-to-day farm management techniques such as adjusting tractor gear and throttle settings, making use of front-wheel-drive, and other strategies can reduce diesel fuel consumption for row crop production and general tractor operations. This study is being conduct...

On-farm processing of value-added dairy products can be a way for small dairy farms to diversify production and increase revenue. This article examines characteristics of three groups of Vermont farmers who have grass-based dairy farms—those producing value-added dairy products, those interested in such products, and those not interested in such products—and their needs for information and assi...

Impact assessments of offshore wind farm installations and operations on the marine fauna are performed in many countries. Yet, only limited quantitative data on the physiological impact of impulsive sounds on (juvenile) fishes during pile driving of offshore wind farm foundations are available. Our current knowledge on fish injury and mortality due to pile driving is mainly based on laboratory...

Incorporation is a complex decision that many family farm operations have to consider through their farming careers. Remember, a corporation is a separate and legal entity and is not simply an extension of your own personal affairs. This leads to considerable complexity but also provides significant opportunities to manage your operation more effectively. This begs the question, “Should I then ...

An extension of the infinite braid group B∞ exactly describes the left distributivity identities. These identities form a decidable family. The group B∞ is closely connected with the free left distributive structure with one generator, and inherits some order properties with simple topological meaning. A quick comparison algorithm for braid words is also given. The first aim of this paper is to...

Many owners and operators of concentrated animal feeding operations (CAFO) need to secure National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System permits from the federal or state permitting authority. Because of the expense and inconvenience of permit applications, farm groups have challenged revisions to the federal CAFO Rule as well as state regulations claiming selected provisions exceeded the auth...

As modern society grows more reliant on wind energy, wind farm deployments will become increasingly attractive targets for malicious entities. The geographic scale of wind farms, remoteness of assets, flat logical control networks and insecure control protocols expose wind farms to myriad threats. This paper attempts to clarify the gaps in the understanding of wind farm threats and their implic...

ABSTRACT- Energy use patterns and the contribution of energy input vary among farming systems. The optimal use of improved farm machinery coupled with the optimal use of other recommended sources permit an increase in paddy yield up to potential levels. In order to determine the effect of production systems on energy use efficiency focusing on mechanization for paddy production in Khuzestan pro...

sugar beet cyst nematode (heterodera schachtii schmidt) is transferred to sugar factories along with the sugar beet root and its surrounding soil, so called depot soil. because of high infestation and the possible transfer and distribution of this soil, disinfestations of the depot soil should be taken into considerations. in order to assess the possibility for disinfestations of the depot soil...