An emerging trend in Australia, over the past twenty or so years, has been for any available employment to become increasingly polarised into households where either no adult is working (jobless households), or all adults are working (all-work households). Indeed studies have shown that Australia has one of the highest jobless household rates in the OECD for families with children. This paper u...

The purpose of this study is to investigate the existence of economies of scale and other economic parameters influencing the rate of return of the domestic solid waste collection process. To this end, the case of the Attica region in Greece, which includes equal amounts of urban and rural areas, is considered. The investigating approach is performed via the transcendental logarithmic cost func...

Common wisdom states that teenage childbearing reduces schooling, labour market experience and adult wages. However, the decisions to be a teenage mother, to quit school, and be less attached to the labour market might all stem from some personal or family characteristics. Using the National Child Development Study (NCDS), we find that in Britain teenage childbearing decreases the probability o...

A review of 32 cases of craniotomy performed at the Jinnah Postgraduate Medical Centre Karachi, over a period of 6 years from January, 1984 to December, 1989 is presented. Total number of deliveries during this period were 37,682. Frequency of craniotomy was 0.08% i.e., 1 in 1177 deliveries. Of these 32 craniotomies, 28 were done on non-deformed dead fetus, 16 because of obstructed labour, 7 in...

Contrasting the conservative German welfare state with the liberal market economy of the United Kingdom, this paper examines how each welfare regime affects the firstbirth decisions of men and women under the conditions of either high labour market integration (full-time work in a permanent position) or occupational uncertainty (parttime work or work with a fixed-term contract). The results, wh...

This is a unique account of working-class childhood during the British industrial revolution. Using more than 600 autobiographies written by working men of the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries Jane Humphries illuminates working-class childhood in contexts untouched by conventional sources and facilitates estimates of age at starting work, social mobility, the extent of apprenticeship, and th...

The National Institute for Working Life is Sweden's national centre for work life research, development and training. The labour market, occupational safety and health, and work organisation are our main fields of activity. The creation and use of knowledge through learning, information and documentation are important to the Institute, as is international cooperation. The Institute is collabora...

This study focuses on the transmission of inequality over the working life. A model of constrained intertemporal choice is used to provide structure to the distributional dynamics of wages, earnings, income and consumption. The mechanisms used to insure labour market shocks are examined in a partial-insurance setting where the manner and scope for insurance depends on the access to credit, the ...

Considering the implications of immigration, it is important to distinguish between different types of migration. This is because different rules and regulations apply to different types of immigration, and because the economic effects can be rather different. Immigration rules usually distinguish between entry for humanitarian reasons (for example, as refugees or for family reunification), and...

The relationship between immune status and employment outcomes in HIV-infected patients on long-term antiretroviral therapy (ART) in sub-Saharan Africa and their HIV-affected households is not well understood. We assessed the relationship between CD4+ T-cell counts of ART-treated adults at public-sector clinics in Lusaka, Zambia (median treatment duration 973 days) and labour force participatio...