INTRODUCTION Phase 1 pediatric oncology trials offer only a small chance of direct benefit and may have significant risks and an impact on quality of life. To date, research has not examined discussions of risks and benefits during informed consent conferences for phase 1 pediatric oncology trials. The objective of the current study was to examine clinician and family communication about risks,...

Background: In Saudi Arabia, the gap between demand and availability of organs persists, with a total 13,731 patients who remain on waiting list in 2019. Family refusal is major obstacle limiting donation since their consent must be obtained prior to retrieval organs. The cause family mainly due unknown wishes loved one become donor. This analysis aimed compare three...

background: clinical trial is the standard method to assess efficacy of a medical intervention. because of its experimental nature, meaning that subjects are exposed to an intervention with uncertain outcome and according to historical evidences of criminal researches, clinical trial is of something of a lightning rod for ethical concerns. ethical issues surrounding clinical trials are very per...

background and purpose: in some patients, invasive radiology procedures by using anesthetics and contrast may lead to certain reaction. therefore, consent must be obtained from patients. at the moment, some radiology centers obtain the consent from the patient in some of invasive radiology procedures in iran. due to the importance of consent and its position in patients' ethics, and becaus...

India bears a heavy disease burden of HIV/AIDS infected and affected people. A safe, effective and accessible preventive AIDS vaccine, used along with other preventive interventions, is urgently needed to stem the epidemic. This review highlights the extensive preparedness activities undertaken from 2002 by the International AIDS Vaccine Initiative (IAVI), its Indian government and non governme...

Undernutrition among children is a major public health concern worldwide, more prevalent in Asia and Africa. It manifests itself in various forms such as wasting or stunting or underweight and retards physical and mental development, increases susceptibility to infection, and reduces educational attainment and productivity. The present study was undertaken to assess the level of wasting, stunti...

This paper defends an 'opt-out' scheme for organ procurement, by distinguishing this system from 'presumed consent' (which the author regards as an erroneous justification of it). It, first, stresses the moral importance of increasing the supply of organs and argues that making donation easier need not conflict with altruism. It then goes on to explore one way that donation can be increased, na...

BACKGROUND In pediatric environmental health research, information about family members is often directly sought or indirectly obtained in the process of identifying child risk factors and helping to tease apart and identify interactions between genetic and environmental factors. However, federal regulations governing human subjects research do not directly address ethical issues associated wit...