In Brazil, the delivery of homes for low-inc ome households is dictated by costs rather than performance. Issues such as impact climate change, affordability operational energy use, and lack security are not taken into account, even though they can severely occupants. this work, authors evaluated thermal performance two affordable houses as-built after integration envelope improvements. A new r...

BACKGROUND The use of contraception is one of the most cost-effective public health interventions and has the potential to prevent about 30% of maternal and 10% of child deaths in developing countries. Voucher-based initiatives for family planning are an effective and viable means of increasing contraceptive use. In this paper, we present a protocol for a pilot study of a novel incentive, a fam...

Viet Nam has high modern contraceptive prevalence (68%), with most services received through the public sector. As the country transitions to middle-income status, Viet Nam's donors have ceased donations of contraceptive supplies, causing a large projected shortfall in the family planning budget. In response, the Ministry of Health has decided to prioritize free or subsidized contraceptives for...

report issued by the Congressional Budget Office (CBO) on October 13, 2004 set in motion a national debate on the economic value of disease management (DM) programs and sent shock waves through the industry with the statement that “there was insufficient evidence to conclude that disease management programs can generally reduce overall health spending.”1 The Congressional Budget Office left lit...

We consider how a search engine should select advertisements to display with search results, in order to maximize its revenue. Under the standard “pay-per-click” arrangement, revenue depends on how well the displayed advertisements appeal to users. The main difficulty stems from new advertisements whose degree of appeal has yet to be determined. Often the only reliable way of determining appeal...