AIMS To search for mutations in the frizzled 4 (FZD4) gene in patients with familial exudative vitreoretinopathy (FEVR) and to delineate the defective gene associated clinical features. METHODS Direct sequencing following polymerase chain reaction of exons of FZD4 was performed for 24 probands with FEVR (18 familial and six sporadic), and some of their families. Clinical symptoms among indivi...

Age-related maculopathy (ARM) is a leading cause of visual impairment in elderly Americans and is a complex genetic disorder. Hypothesized pathways for the etiology of ARM include cholesterol and lipoprotein metabolism and transport, extracellular matrix integrity, oxidative stress and inflammatory/immunologic processes. This study investigates 21 polymorphisms within 15 candidate genes whose p...

BACKGROUND Pulsatile ocular blood flow (POBF) is a parameter for evaluating choroidal blood flow. POBF in the patients with non-exudative and exudative age related macular degeneration (AMD) was investigated. METHODS POBF, pulse amplitude (PA), systolic and diastolic blood pressures, intraocular pressure (IOP), refractive error, and axial length were compared among 10 patients with non-exudat...

exudative retinal detachment (erd) may be seen with many ocular pathologies including malignancies. among malignant causes, metastases of breast and lung carcinoma are most common. a 50-year-old woman referred to our clinic with history of decreased visual acuity in her right eye since 3 months before referral. the visual acuity was counting fingers at 2 meters and 6/10 in the right and left ey...

PURPOSE To assess whether hyaloid adhesion is more prevalent in patients with age-related macular degeneration (AMD) than in control patients and to evaluate whether it is more prevalent in exudative AMD than in non-exudative AMD. METHODS This was a cross-sectional, controlled analytical study. Patients from the Ophthalmology Department of the Public Service Hospital of the State of São Paulo...

PURPOSE To report the unusual occurrence of polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy (PCV) in a patient with Doyne's familial honeycomb choroiditis (DFHC) and its course after laser treatment. DESIGN Interventional case report. METHODS Indocyanine green (ICG) angiography guided laser was performed on active polypoidal lesions. RESULTS A 45-year-old man with a 15-year history of bilateral DFCH an...