Semi-subsistence farms that predominate in developing countries have more complex goals than the strict profit motives of corporate farms. Small farm management decisions are commonly based on a desire to increase production while avoiding risks and reducing labor demands and operating costs. Enterprise budgets are a valuable tool for understanding diverse farming systems and farmers' decisionm...

The spread of the exotic insect pest sycamore lace bug Corythucha ciliata (Say) is increasing worldwide. The identification of behaviorally active compounds is crucial for reducing the current distribution of this pest. In this study, we identified and documented the expression profiles of genes encoding chemosensory proteins (CSPs) in the sycamore lace bug to identify CSPs that bind to the ala...

Understanding farmers’ perception is important in the development of sustainable and cost-effective integrated pest management strategies. Hence, farmers’ perception on rice insect pests and pesticide use was evaluated by selected 112 farmers composed of 77% males and 23% females, over the rice growing areas of North Cotabato, Central Mindanao, Philippines. 62% of farmers that were interviewed ...

the sunn pest, eurygaster integriceps put. is an important pest of wheat in firozabad region of ardabil province, iran. in this study the spatial distribution of overwintered adult was investigated in rainfed wheat fields. then, fixed precision sequential sampling plan was developed and validated for estimating overwintered adult density. iwao's patchiness regression gave a better fit to d...

One of the fundamental concepts of integrated pest management is that each pest species has a definable relationship in terms of damage to the plant or animal host that it attacks. This relationship is often referred to as the damage curve (Fig. 1), which is often determined relative to yield loss. This damage curve can take several forms, but was summarized by Higley and Peterson as having a t...

We examine regulations for managing pest resistance to pesticide varieties in a temporally and spatially explicit framework. We compare the performance of the EPA’s mandatory refuges and a tax (or subsidy) on the pesticide variety under several biological assumptions on pest mobility and the heterogeneity of farmers’ pest vulnerability. We find that only the tax (or subsidy) restores efficiency...

Many existing pest control models, which control pests by releasing natural enemies, neglect the effect that natural enemies may get killed. From this point of view, we formulate a pest control model with stage structure for the pest with constant maturation time delay through-stage time delay and periodic releasing natural enemies and natural enemies killed at different fixed time and perform ...

Vascular injury increases nitric oxide (NO) levels, and this effect may play a counterregulatory role in neointima formation, by decreasing vascular smooth muscle cell motility. However, the mechanisms underlying this effect are not well established. We tested the hypothesis that NO decreases cell motility by increasing the activity of a protein tyrosine phosphatase (PTP), PTP-PEST, in cultured...

Pest insects pose a significant threat to food production worldwide resulting in annual losses worth hundreds of billions of dollars. Pest control attempts to prevent pest outbreaks that could otherwise destroy a sward. It is good practice in integrated pest management to recommend control actions (usually pesticides application) only when the pest density exceeds a certain threshold. Accurate ...