Besides the study on examining facet joints of lumbar spine by ultrasound in normal population, there has not been any related report about examining normal facet joints of lumbar spine by ultrasound so far. This study was aimed to explore the feasibility of ultrasound assessment of lumber spine facet joints by comparing ultrasound measure values of normal and degenerative lumber spine facet jo...

STUDY DESIGN This study analyzed the clinical history, physical examination, diagnostic studies, and operative and histologic findings in 19 patients with lumbar intraspinal synovial and ganglion facet cysts evaluated and treated over a 10-year period. OBJECTIVES The results were correlated to provide a greater understanding of lumbar facet cysts and rationale for conservative or surgical tre...

Radiofrequency facet ablation (RFA) has been performed using the same technique for over 50 years. Except for variations in electrode size, tip shape, and change in radiofrequency (RF) stimulation parameters, using standard, pulsed, and cooled RF wavelengths, the target points have remained absolutely unchanged from the original work describing RFA for lumbar pain control. Degenerative changes ...

Facet joints have been shown to be a source of chronic low back pain, and it is generally accepted in clinical practice that diagnostic and therapeutic facet joint injections are the most reliable technique for the treatment of facet joint pain, which is considered to be an easy and safe procedure. Serious complications and side effects are uncommon after facet joint injection. However, infecti...

introduction small and medium-sized enterprises (smes) bring a broad range of benefits beyond growth of national income, providing important opportunities for employment, and are a key source of an outlet for entrepreneurial creativity and ideas. however, it is estimated that smes are responsible around 60 percent of carbon dioxide emissions and 70 percent of all pollution globally. therefore, ...

in this paper, the effects of reflected waves of the facets on the internal optical intensity of semiconductor dfb lasers are investigated. the uniformity of optical intensity along the cavity length is evaluated with flatness parameter. the dependence of this parameter on coupling coefficient, reflectivity and grating phase at the facets is also studied. this investigation shows that in some s...

BACKGROUND CONTEXT The role of total disc arthroplasty (TDA) in the treatment of spinal pathology is unclear. TDA has been touted as an alternative to fusion. However, not all back pain is purely discogenic in origin. Contraindications to TDA exist. At Spine Week in Porto, Portugal, Cammisa's group from the Hospital for Special Surgery in New York presented a series of 56 fusions where 100% of ...

Lumbar facet cysts are frequently found in patients with facet degeneration and segmental instability. When the facet cyst is localized in the neural foramina and lateral recess or becomes large, it can cause radiculopathy or neurogenic claudication. These symptomatic cysts are typically treated interventionally with drainage and a corticosteroid injection or attempts via overinflation to ruptu...

Integration of compound semiconductors with silicon (Si) has been a long-standing goal for the semiconductor industry, as direct band gap compound semiconductors offer, for example, attractive photonic properties not possible with Si devices. However, mismatches in lattice constant, thermal expansion coefficient, and polarity between Si and compound semiconductors render growth of epitaxial het...