Microsurgical revascularization has proved to be a useful method in managing the ring avulsion injury where both neurovascular bundles are damaged with only partial skin avulsion. Representative cases are used to illustrate guidelines for a practical classification for helping to decide the optimal method of treatment of acute ring avulsion injuries in light of digital revascularization techniq...

Traumatic optic nerve avulsion is a rare event. A case of complete unilateral optic nerve avulsion after blunt ocular trauma without major damage to other ocular structures is reported. B-scan ultrasonography with 10 and 20 MHz probes proved to be helpful in diagnosing the optic nerve lesion, whereas orbital computed tomography was inconclusive. The prognosis is ominous and it is dependent on t...

The medial collateral ligament (MCL) is the most commonly injured ligament of the knee joint. Proximal superficial medial collateral ligament (MCL) tears occur more frequently than do distal ones. Isolated avulsion of deep MCL is not well described in literature. We report a 61-year-old man with a valgus injury of his left knee joint after a MVA. Radiological and magnetic resonance imaging of t...

Reverse Segond fracture is an uncommon avulsion fracture of the tibial attachment of the deep portion of the medial collateral ligament of the knee. We report a reverse Segond fracture associated with anterior cruciate ligament tibial avulsion fracture and anteromedial tibial rim fracture. Unlike previous reports, the combination of reverse Segond fracture, anteromedial tibial rim fracture, and...

The anterior iliac crest is the harvest site preferred by many surgeons because of the quantity and quality of bone obtainable and the simplicity of harvesting techniques. Avulsion fracture of the iliac crest following bone grafting is an extremely rare occurrence. We present a case report of avulsion fracture of the anterior iliac crest following bone graft harvesting for anterior cervical fus...

Coronoid process fractures are reported to occur from avulsion by the brachialis muscle or to be associated with elbow dislocations. We report a rare case of coronoid process fracture due to avulsion by the anterior bundle of the medial collateral ligament rendering the elbow unstable. In children, small fracture fragments of the coronoid process (types 1 & 2) are in reality often much larger b...

BACKGROUND A chief morbidity of Graves eye disease is upper eyelid retraction that results in exposure keratopathy and cosmetic deformity. OBJECTIVE To assess the efficacy of graded anterior blepharotomy to treat upper eyelid retraction. METHODS Fifty eyelids of 32 patients with Graves eye disease-associated upper eyelid retraction, causing symptomatic ocular exposure, were treated with gra...

OBJECTIVES To present a case of metastatic breast cancer to the lower eyelid and to review the literature.regarding the epidemiology and clinical features of cutaneous metastases to the eyelid. METHODS Case report describing a 68-year-old female with metastatic breast cancer to the lower eyelid. RESULTS Biopsy of the lower eyelid lesion revealed histopathologic features consistent with meta...