1.1.1. Primary site Cases should be classified as carcinoma of the vulva when the primary site of growth is in the vulva. Tumors present in the vulva as secondary growths, from either a genital or extragenital site, will have to be excluded. Malignant melanoma should be separately reported. Any lesion that involves both the vagina and vulva (i.e. crosses the hymenal ring) should be classified a...

We describe a case of a 67-year-old male with multiple erythematous, hyperkeratotic, and ulcerated lesions that occurred 10 years before patient’s observation, increasing in size and number over the years. Particularly, the widest lesion is hyperkeratotic and exudative plaque on the trunk, focal ulcerated, sized 11 cm × 8 cm [Figure 1]. Other lesions were observed on the trunk and ears. However...

treatable sexually transmitted infection (STI) in Europe. There is a 10% prevalence in women aged 16–24 years attending UK contraception and antenatal clinics or general practices, peaking at 13% at age 18.1 Chlamydial infection rarely causes systemic disease. The infection is primarily urethral or cervical/ tubal and is asymptomatic in the majority of patients of both sexes;2 thus it is endemi...

Urinary tract morbidity has increased by 7% in Kazakhstan between 2007 to 2011. Pregnant women with extragenital pathologies or kidney diseases had the greatest prevalence of morbidity. Asymptomatic bacteriuria (AB) is one of the most important risk factors of pyelonephritis development in pregnant women, and it can affect the course and outcome of pregnancy, delivery, and postnatal period. AB ...

Human papillomavirus (HPV), one of the most common sexually transmitted infections (STI) [1], has been known to have oncogenic potential for over five decades. Beginning with cervical cancer, research is now moving on to the implication of HPV infection in extragenital sites, such as the oral cavity, the oropharynx and the esophagus. The body of evidence implicating human papillomavirus as a ri...

In this report we describe a case of bowenoid papulosis (BP) on the face of a 44 year old Algerian man. To our knowledge this is the first reported case of isolated extragenital BP. The presence of type 16 human papilloma virus was demonstrated by in situ hybridisation. This case underscores that multiple HPV-induced severe intraepithelial neoplasia, the so-called BP, is not restricted to the a...

This case report describes for the first time a case of pure testicular carcinoid pre-aortic lymph node metastases in a 25 year old patient with carcinoid syndrome. The simultaneous occurrence of intratubular germ cell neoplasia in the surrounding testicular tissue was identified by OCT4 and placental-like alkaline phosphatase positivity. This confirmed that the tumour had a germ cell origin in...

Focusing more closely on the question of climacteric symptoms and by listing these symptoms in an order of occur­ rence, one finds that nearly 90% of the effects of sexual hormones are of an extragenital nature and that, therefore, the use of the expression “sexual” to describe these hormones is too much of a restriction in terms of a functional analysis (fig 1). The term “extragenital target o...