We present the results of the aerosol measurements carried out over the Aegean Sea during the Photochemical Activity and Solar Ultraviolet Radiation campaign held in Greece during June 1996. Simultaneous observations performed with a lidar and a double-monochromator spectrophotometer allowed us to retrieve the optical depth, the Angström coefficient, and the backscatter-to-extinction ratio. The...

The extinction curve derived from ISO mid-infrared (IR) observations of the Galactic center (GC) exhibits a surprisingly flat behavior in the ∼ 3 to 8 μm region, contrary to the deep minimum expected from standard interstellar dust models consisting of bare silicate and graphite dust particles. We show that this extinction is likely caused by the presence of metallic needles in the interstellar...

Attenuation characteristics of a planar silicon-clad ion exchange glass waveguide structure are investigated theoretically at the optical wavelength of 0.6328 μm. An oscillatory behaviour of the attenuation curves is noticed in the proposed four layer structure. It is observed that by varying the thickness of silicon cladding layer, the TE or TM propagating modes may be selectively attenuated. ...

Introduction: The basolateral amygdala (BLA) and infralimbic area (IL) of the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) are two interconnected brain structures that mediate both fear memory expression and extinction. Besides the well-known role of the BLA in the acquisition and expression of fear memory, projections from IL to BLA inhibit fear expression and have a critical role in fear extinction. Howev...

We use profiles of aerosol extinction, water vapor mixing ratio, and relative humidity measured by the ARM SGP Raman lidar in northern Oklahoma to show how the vertical distributions of aerosol extinction and water vapor vary throughout the diurnal cycle. While significant (20-30%) variations in aerosol extinction occurred near the surface as well as aloft, smaller (~10%) variations were observ...

We estimate the mean time to extinction of small populations in an environment with constant carrying capacity but under stochastic demography. In particular, we investigate the interaction of stochastic variation in fecundity and sex ratio under several different schemes of density dependent population growth regimes. The methods used include Markov chain theory, Monte Carlo simulations, and n...

In a companion paper [Appl. Opt. 42, 2571 (2003)] the temperature dependence of Raman scattering and its influence on the Raman and Rayleigh-Mie lidar equations were examined. New forms of the lidar equation were developed to account for this temperature sensitivity.Here those results are used to derive the temperature-dependent forms of the equations for the water vapor mixing ratio, the aeros...

Sex-ratio meiotic drive occurs when males produce a predominance of X-chromosome bearing sperm and an inordinate number of daughters. A driving X causes highly female-biased sex ratios and the risk of extinction. Polyandry can rescue a population from extinction.

We demonstrate a high-resolution high-extinction parallel spectrometer for Brillouin spectroscopy of turbid samples. Cascading multiple VIPA etalons in the cross-axis configuration allowed us to achieve a high extinction ratio of up to 80 dB with sub-GHz resolution. Using a three-stage VIPA, we obtained the Brillouin spectra from Intralipid solutions at concentrations up to 10%.

introduction: one of the hallmark symptoms of posttraumatic stress disorder (ptsd) is the impaired extinction of traumatic memory. single prolonged stress (sps) has been suggested as an animal model of ptsd, since sps rats exhibited the impaired fear extinction. oxytocin (oxt) has been recently suggested as a potential pharmacotherapy for treatment of ptsd. in this study, using sps rats we inve...