Recent research has shown that daily changes in self-efficacy predict lapses and relapse into smoking after quitting among adolescent daily smokers, but it is not known if and how momentary self-efficacy is associated with affect-motivational states and external contexts. In the present study, 134 adolescent daily smokers were monitored daily during 1 week prior to and 3 weeks after they began ...

The existence and uniqueness of vortex solutions is proved for Ginzburg– Landau equations with external potentials in R2. These equations describe the equilibrium states of superconductors and the stationary states of the U(1)-Higgs model of particle physics. In the former case, the external potentials are due to impurities and defects. Without the external potentials, the equations are transla...

This study investigated theoretical photoinduced charge transport in a bulk heterojunction (BHJ) solar cell controlled by an external electric field. Our method for visualizing charge difference density identified the excited state properties of photoinduced charge transfer, and the charge transfer excited states were distinguished from local excited states during electronic transitions. Furthe...