Caffeine was incorporated in egg yolk tris glycerol extender (EYTG) at the time of dilution of Murrah semen at a concentration of 1.0, 3.0 or 5.0 mM. The samples were subsequently frozen. The post thaw progressive motility and live sperm per cent improved signifi cantly (P<0.05) with addition of 1.0 (70.0±0.99 and 88.80±0.84) and 3.0 mΜ (65.83±0.88 and 86.16±0.96%) caffeine to the extender befo...

Fuzzy reasoning has become an important intelligent control method for traffic operation. This paper proposes a new fuzzy control system for signal control of an isolated intersection. This new fuzzy signal control system (FSCS) contains fuzzy phase selector and fuzzy green phase extender functions, which located in different levels of this multilevel signal control system. The phase selector i...

This experiment wascarried out to explore the effect of use of combinations of permeating cryoprotectant and non permeating cryoprotectant on thequality of frozen-thawed Beluga (Huso huso) spermas compared to the use of permeating cryoprotectant as a control. For this work methanol (MeOH) and dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO)are used aspermeatingcryoprotectantsand bovine serum albuminas a non permeatin...

The objective of this study was to evaluate effect of different concentrations of catalase in two extenders on motility, viability and lipid peroxidation bull spermatozoa during semen freezing process. Thirty ejaculates collected from ten Holstein bulls were pooled and evaluated at 37 °C. Pool ejaculated was split into two main experimental groups, 1 and 2. In experiment 1, specimen was diluted...

Semen cryopreservation and artificial insemination (AI) are potentially valuable methods for supporting the breeding management of endangered species like the Asian elephant. Cryopreservation of Asian elephant semen has however proven problematic with respect to maintenance of both adequate semen quality and fertility post-thaw. In this study, nine ejaculates from three adult bulls were used to...

The objective of the study was to assess the semen characteristics of Jersey, Mithun and Siri breeds of bulls and to compare the suitability of Tris Eggyolk Citrate and commercial soya lecithin based BIOXcell extenders for cryopreservation of semen from the these breeds of bulls. The mean semen volume was 4.55± 1.57, 4.86±1.33 and 4.83±1.72 ml in Jersey, Mithun and Siri bulls, respectively. Mea...

The objective of the present study was to determine the effect of non-enzymatic antioxidants (vitamin C or E) in tris-citric acid buffer (TCA) on post-thaw quality of buffalo (Bubalus bubalis) bull spermatozoa. Split pooled buffalo bull ejaculates were diluted in TCA egg yolk glycerol extender containing either vitamin C (TCAC), vitamin E (TCAE) or without antioxidant (TCAN) at 37°C. Extended s...

In modern livestock breeding, cryopreserved semen is routinely used for artificial insemination. Sperm cryopreservation secures future reproduction, and insemination doses can be easily shipped. Processing of semen for cryopreservation can be done with minimal efforts and relatively low costs. In this chapter we describe the entire cryopreservation process for stallion and bull sperm including ...

The objective of this study was to compare the effect of Butylated Hydroxy Toluene (BHT), Pentoxifylline (PTX) and α-tocopherol (Vit E) on semen quality parameters of Karan Fries bulls. The fortification of extender by various semen additives improves motility as well as fertility of spermatozoa. Split samples of 24 ejaculates of four Karan Fries bulls were extended in extender with or without ...

We present a modification to the Prikry on Extenders forcing notion allowing the blow up of the power set of a large cardinal, change its cofinality to ω without adding bounded subsets, working directly from arbitrary extender (e.g., n-huge extender). Using this forcing, starting from a superstrong cardinal κ, we construct a model in which the added Prikry sequences are a scale in the normal Pr...