نتایج جستجو برای: exposure prophylaxis
تعداد نتایج: 333790 فیلتر نتایج به سال:
OBJECTIVE To review the safety and immunogenicity of pre-exposure rabies prophylaxis (including accelerated schedules, co-administration with other vaccines and booster doses), its cost-effectiveness and recommendations for use, particularly in high-risk settings. METHODS We searched the PubMed, Centre for Agriculture and Biosciences International, Cochrane Library and Web of Science database...
On June 7, 2013, a man was diagnosed in a Texas hospital with rabies. He had been detained in a U.S. detention facility during his infectious period. To identify persons exposed to rabies who might require rabies postexposure prophylaxis (PEP), CDC and the Texas Department of State Health Services (DSHS) conducted investigations at four detention facilities, one medical clinic, and two hospital...
PURPOSE OF REVIEW We discuss selected statistical issues in the design and analysis of preexposure prophylaxis (PrEP) trials. The general principles may inform thinking for other interventions in HIV prevention. RECENT FINDINGS To date, four different designs have been used to determine the effectiveness of PrEP: randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled; randomized, open-label, immediate ...
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Despite tremendous promise as a female-controlled HIV prevention strategy, implementation of preexposure prophylaxis (PrEP) among women has been limited, in part because of disparate efficacy results from randomized trials in this population. This review synthesizes existing evidence regarding PrEP efficacy for preventing HIV infection in women and considerations for deliverin...
Transmission of HIV through occupational exposure in healthcare personnel is rare. Risk of transmission from an HIV-infected source person is estimated at 0.3% for percutaneous exposures and 0.09% for mucous membrane or nonintact skin exposures, with risk modulated by exposure and source-patient characteristics. Counseling on risk assessment, postexposure prophylaxis (PEP), and baseline and fol...
OBJECTIVE HIV preexposure prophylaxis (PrEP) is efficacious, but uptake has been slow. In Washington State, most insurance plans, including Medicaid, pay for PrEP, and the state supports a PrEP drug assistance program. We assessed trends in PrEP awareness and use among MSM in Washington. DESIGN AND SETTING Serial cross-sectional survey conducted annually at the Seattle Pride Parade between 20...
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Oral preexposure prophylaxis (PrEP) has shown HIV preventive efficacy for several key populations at risk for HIV infection including MSM and heterosexual men and women in HIV serodiscordant relationships. An efficacy trial of daily oral tenofovir among people who inject drugs (IDU) is underway in Thailand. RECENT FINDINGS Although efficacy data is pending, there is emerging...
BACKGROUND Preexposure prophylaxis (PrEP) with antiretroviral drugs may prevent transmission of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Our objective was to predict whether PrEP, in the presence of circulating drug resistance, will reduce the risk of infection with HIV. METHODS We used risk equations to calculate the monthly risk of infection with HIV before and after the introduction of PrEP. Un...
TO THE EDITOR—We thank Sachdev et al for their interest in and evaluation of our article [1]. The respondents present data from a survey of providers in metropolitan areas with the highest human immunodeficiency virus incidence, and their results complement and support our findings. Unlike our article, which specifically surveyed infectious disease physicians, the respondents captured responses...
OBJECTIVES Risk compensation (RC) could reduce or offset the biological prevention benefits of HIV preexposure prophylaxis (PrEP) among those at substantial risk of infection, including men who have sex with men (MSM). We investigated the potential extent and causal mechanisms through which RC could impact HIV transmission at the population and individual levels. METHODS Using a stochastic ne...
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