The immunoprophylactic effects of i.p. administration of Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) and methanol-extracted residue of BCG (MER) on the production of tumors by 3-methylcholanthrene (MCA) in C57BL/6 mice were investigated. At the dose level of MCA used (500 /ug i.m.), almost all mice developed tumors. Pretreatment of the mice with BCG either 2 weeks before or 2 weeks after carcinogen adminis...

In determining the effective vaccine spore dose of a low-virulence strain of Loma salmonae to limit microsporidial gill disease in trout, we found that fish receiving 10(3) to 10(5) killed spores had the best protection against experimental infection, with 85% fewer xenomas in their gills than in the controls. Intraperitoneal delivery of the vaccine was effective, and the addition of adjuvant d...

Background The new anti allergic vaccine is based on purified allergens from Dermatophagoides siboney and the combination adjuvant containing a TLR-4 ligand and alum. We propose that IgG1/IgE ratio is effective to assess the clinical efficacy of this experimental vaccine. Aim: To evaluate the immunogenicity of formulation variants of a D. siboney adjuvanted vaccine with varying levels of allerg...

Enteric redmouth disease (ERM) caused by the fish pathogen Yersinia ruckeri is a major threat to freshwater production of rainbow trout throughout all life stages. Injection vaccination of rainbow trout against Y. ruckeri infection has been shown to confer better protection compared to the traditionally applied immersion vaccination. It may be hypothesized, based on experience from other vaccin...

We studied the interactions of hepatitis B vaccine with other vaccines used in the World Health Organization expanded programs of immunization. Three groups of Senegalese children were vaccinated with hepatitis B vaccine (HB) alone, diphtheria-tetanus-pertussis (DTP)-polio vaccine alone, or a combination of hepatitis B vaccine and DTP-polio vaccines simultaneously. The immune responses to HBsAg...

background: dengue is a global arboviral threat to humans; causing 390 million infections per year. the availability of safe and effective tetravalent dengue vaccine is a global requirement to prevent epidemics, morbidity, and mortality associated with it. methods: five experimental groups (6 mice per group) each of 5-week-old balb/c mice were immunized with vaccine and placebo (empty plasmid) ...

background hypervariability of hcv proteins is an important obstacle to design an efficient vaccine for hcv infection. multi-epitope vaccines containing conserved epitopes of the virus could be a promising approach for protection against hcv. objectives cellular and humoral immune responses against multi-epitope dna and peptide vaccines were evaluated in balb/c mice. materials and methods in th...

The recognition that antibodies are effective against fungal pathogens has spawned interest in developing vaccines that elicit antibody-mediated protection. Recently, a novel polysaccharide-protein conjugate vaccine that uses the algal antigen laminarin was shown to elicit antibodies to beta-glucan in fungal cell walls and to mediate protection against both experimental candidiasis and aspergil...

BACKGROUND Recruitment, enrollment and retention of volunteers in an HIV vaccine trial is important in the efforts to ultimately develop a vaccine that can prevent new HIV infections. Following recruitment, some randomized individuals decline to be enrolled in an HIV vaccine trial. The reasons for such a decision are not well known. This article describes why individuals who were randomized in ...

We investigated how innate sensing by the mannose receptor (MR) influences the development of antifungal immunity. We demonstrate that MR senses mannan on the surface of attenuated Blastomyces dermatitidis vaccine yeast and that MR(-/-) mice demonstrate impaired vaccine immunity against lethal experimental blastomycosis, compared with wild-type control mice. Using naive Blastomyces-specific tra...