Municipal bonds are often “advance refunded.” Bonds that are not yet callable are defeased by creating a trust that pays the interest up to the call date, and pays the call price. New debt, generally at lower interest rates, is issued to fund the trust. Advance refunding has zero net present value in the case of no uncertainty and no fees, otherwise the transaction destroys value. We estimate t...

Background: Retroperitoneal growths often require surgical exploration for diagnostic and/or therapeutic purposes. Here in, we present our experience in laparoscopic management of retroperitoneal masses and review the literature to assess the feasibility of a minimally invasive approach in this setting. Method: In the last 4 years 8 consecutive patients, aged 46 to 73 years, underwent laparosco...

To do this will require a clearer sense of relative responsibilities. We will not be able to take the student experience forward unless we see it as a joint venture between students and those who provide higher education. Universities and colleges should be prepared to contemplate remodelling their curricula, perhaps radically, and building a more flexible workforce. Government and agencies sho...

In an artificial neural network, simple artificial nodes called "neurons" are connected together to form a network which mimics a biological neural network. BP neural network has been widely used in training artificial neural network. In this paper, by using BP Neural network and data mining method we find out the influence factor of optimal compensation rate in insurance companies. According t...

In user experience evaluation (UXE), it is generally accepted that the order in which users perform tasks when using a product often random rather than fixed. UXE based on these so-called randomly ordered challenging. Although several articles have been published UXE, none proposed technique to evaluate significance of tasks. this study, we propose new approach predict final satisfaction UX rel...