OBJECTIVES Motor vehicle exhaust fumes are the main source of atmospheric pollution in cities in industrialised countries. They cause respiratory disease and annoy people exposed to them. The relation between ambient exposure to air pollution mainly from motor vehicles and annoyance reactions in a general population was assessed. Also, the importance of factors such as age, sex, respiratory dis...

Though studies have investigated the association between air pollution and respiratory health outcomes in children, few have focused on night cough. The study objective was to simultaneously evaluate family factors (i.e., race, gender, maternal and paternal asthma, and breastfeeding), health (allergen sensitization and wheezing symptoms), home factors (dog, cat, mold, endotoxin, and dust mite),...

age of cases is diagnosis made early enough for surgery to be curative. The survey results here presented represent a limited effort at a separate evaluation of the major factors most closely asso ciated with the disease incidence and indicate the likelihood of a contributing role for motor exhaust fumes. The finger of suspicion has now been pointed at three types of pollution: cigarette smoke,...

Environmental effects and hazards in combustion ....................................................................................... 1 Fire safety. Protection and remediation .................................................................................................... 2 Fire safety education .................................................................................................

Carbon monoxide is a colorless, odorless gas produced as a by-product of incomplete combustion. Carbon monoxide poisoning accounts for approximately 3500 deaths in the United States annually. Carbon monoxide in exhaust fumes from motor vehicles accounts for most deaths due to carbon monoxide poisoning; however, poorly functioning heating systems, inhaled smoke, and propane-operated forklifts al...

This study aimed to evaluate the egress safety in nursing hospitals based on capacity of smoke exhaust system. To this end, available safe time was calculated by analyzing changes visibility, carbon monoxide, dioxide, oxygen contents, and temperature depending fire duration. In addition, an simulation performed using number workers (egress guides) delay as variables, required estimated. Based r...

An experimental study has been carried out to simultaneously optimize several diesel engine designs and operating parameters for low exhaust emissions using Taguchi method. A single cylinder (DPF make) diesel engine equipped with a high pressure, cam driven mechanical injector has been used in this experiment. The effects of changes in engine design/operating parameters–nozzle spray holes, pist...

The increased incidence of allergic asthma in the human population worldwide has stimulated many explanatory theories. A concomitant decrease in air quality leads to epidemiological and laboratory-based studies to demonstrate a link between air pollutants and asthma. Specifically, ozone, environmental tobacco smoke, and diesel exhaust are associated with enhancement of respiratory allergy to in...