The paper tests the proposition that money generates value in trade. It examines the data for 5,746 Russian companies for 1997 and finds that money accounts for 24.6 percent of their value-added. The functional form of the return on money in trade is determined to be positive and marginally declining. The paper imputes that Russian GDP lost 8.1 percent in 1997 because of diminished use of money...

Average postwar expansions are twice as long as prewar expansions, and contractions are one-half as long. This paper investigates three possible explanations. The first explanation is that shocks to the economy have been smaller in the postwar period. The second explanation is that the composition of output has shifted from very cyclical sectors to less cyclical sectors. The third explanation i...

New particle formation (NPF) is the dominant contributor to total number concentration and plays an important role in cloud condensation nuclei budget. Airborne data from Aerosol Cloud meTeorology Interactions oVer western ATlantic Experiment (ACTIVATE) are used address seasonal NPF statistics factors related around clouds. Higher ratios of concentrations greater than 3 versus 10 nm (N3/N10) we...

Methyl methacrylate (MMA) was successfully grafted onto cellulose nanofibers (CNFs) at room temperature in an emulsion system using a diethyl(1,10-phenanthroline N1,N10)zinc(II) complex (Phen-DEZ) with oxygen as the radical initiator. The effects of reaction temperature, initiator concentration, and monomer content on grafting were investigated. molecular weight non-grafted PMMA, which produced...

We study structural change in the historical consumption expenditure of United States, Kingdom, Canada, and Australia over more than a century. characterize most general class preferences time-additive setting that admits aggregation saving decision allows us to identify preference parameters from aggregate data. parameterize estimate such intertemporally aggregable (IA) discuss their propertie...

We examined the in vitro activity of 2-desamino-5,8-dideazafolate and 2-desamino-N10-propargyl-5,8-dideazafolate (desamino-CB3717), the more water-soluble 2-desamino analogues of 5,8-dideazafolate and N10-propargyl-5,8-dideazafolic acid (CB3717). We report Ki values for the inhibition of L1210 thymidylate synthase (TS) of 2 and 0.027 microM for 2-desamino-5,8-dideazafolate and desamino-CB3717, ...