Utilizing semiconductor nanowires for (opto)electronics requires exact knowledge of their current-voltage properties. We report accurate on-top imaging and I-V characterization of individual as-grown nanowires, using a subnanometer resolution scanning tunneling microscope with no need for additional microscopy tools, thus allowing versatile application. We form Ohmic contacts to InP and InAs na...

It has been generally accepted that there is some association between unsatisfactory housing conditions and pulmonary tuberculosis. Lack of sunlight and deficient ventilation, often aggravated by overcrowding, may lower resistance, and overcrowding in the presence of an infectious case increases the risk of massive infection. High population density also favours the spread of infection. Yet the...

EEcient series that are used to calculate the bit error probabilities for biphase spread and quadriphase spread, BPSK modulated, asynchronous DS CDMA systems are derived. These series are then used to investigate the degradation in the performance of both systems due to synchronization errors. The analysis requires the characteristic functions of the multiple access interference and of the self...

The rings considered in this article are commutative rings with identity $1neq 0$. The aim of this article is to define and study the exact annihilating-ideal graph of commutative rings. We discuss the interplay between the ring-theoretic properties of a ring and graph-theoretic properties of exact annihilating-ideal graph of the ring.

Mathematical models of the spread epidemic diseases are studied, paying special attention to networks. We treat Susceptible-Infected-Recovered (SIR) model and Susceptible-Exposed-Infectious-Recovered (SEIR) described by differential equations. perform microscopic numerical simulations for corresponding on Comparing a random network scale-free infection, we emphasize role hubs in network. also p...

OBJECTIVE Spatio and/or temporal surveillance systems are designed to monitor the ongoing appearance of disease cases in space and time, and to detect potential disturbances in either dimension. Patient addresses are sometimes reported at some level of geographic aggregation, for example by ZIP code or census tract. While this aggregation has the advantage of protecting patient privacy, it also...

objectives our objectives were to determine if: 1) imaging pattern at recurrence is associated with delayed diagnosis, and 2) appearance at recurrence can be predicted based on appearance at presentation. conclusion imaging appearance at baseline does not reliably predict imaging appearance at recurrence. therefore, a high index of suspicion for the infiltrative pattern is required in assessmen...

BACKGROUND  Many countries worldwide have reported increasing numbers of emm89 group A Streptococcus (GAS) infections during last decade. Pathogen genetic factors linked to this increase need assessment. METHODS  We investigated epidemiological characteristics of emm89 GAS bacteremic infections, including 7-day and 30-day case-fatality rates, in Finland during 2004-2014 and linked them to who...