The use of evidential and epistemic marking as a rhetorical strategy has received little attention in the literature. Speakers often make judgments on the basis of perceptual, reported, or inferred evidence, thus the relationship between epistemicity and evidentiality is often close and difficult to demarcate. However, whereas epistemicity involves the speaker’s or writer’s evaluation, judgment...

this paper attempts to indicate that the two conceptual categories of evidentiality and epistemic modality are distinct although they may look similar; thus their corresponding adverbs also consist of separate subcategories of adverbs. to attain this goal, different data were gathered both from written and spoken sources and analyzed mostly with the help of semantic considerations in the framew...

In this paper, I illustrate how children’s mentalizing abilities interface with both implicit and explicit aspects of communication. I use two examples to make this point. First, I argue that some understanding that other people have mental states which can be affected by communication is present already in infancy. I show that this early sensitivity to intentionality is responsible for early c...

1. introduction hyland (2005) defines metadiscourse as a “cover term for the self-reflective expression used to negotiate interactional meanings in a text, assisting the writer (or speaker) to express a viewpoint and engage with reader as members of a particular community” (p. 37). hyland has admitted that these rhetorical features convey the relation between the writer, text and reader which i...

This article explores an underappreciated pragmatic constraint on the expression of opinions: When expressing an opinion on a topic that has been previously discussed, a speaker should correctly indicate the cultural standing of that view in the relevant opinion community. This Bakhtinian approach to discourse analysis is contrasted with conversation analysis, politeness theory (Brown & Levinso...

‘Rounding dissimilation’ is the name for a sound change in Miami-Illinois already seen in the late seventeenth century records of the language. Rounding dissimilation is a process whereby Proto-Algonquian *o (and sometimes *wa) changes to Miami-Illinois a in weak syllables preceding labials or Cw clusters. The effects of this rule have been disturbed by analogy and paradigmatic levelling, and e...

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