In the years after the introduction of Islam to the region of Transoxania in the first century (A.H.) the history of this area had an inseparable relation to Islam and spiritual paths risen from Islamic teaching Meawhile, the teaching of Khājeh Baha ‘al-din Muhammad Naqshband Bokharāyi (1381 –1389) and the spiritual path related to him, Naqshbandiye, had such a great effect on the heart and sou...

A salient feature of modern life is that despite all the achievements and discoveries which have inevitably lead to a more comfortable life, mankind has not been able to fulfill its full potential as far as developing higher human abilities, spiritual transcendence and growth is concerned. It is argued that one reason for this may be modern psychology’s attitude towards human nature which...

Background and Aim: Using common terms and synonyms, such as concepts related to natural crisis managements, is one of the major challenges in interdisciplinary topics; which are apparently similar but have different meanings and practical implications. “Natural disaster” is one of these terms. The main purpose of this study is to describe the common and professional term in science and creatin...

cultural iran is a scope that is more extended than the political territories of iran as a political unit. this concept means that cultural geography(mehdi moghanlo-1383-1) of iran is greater than its political geography which, according to history, has a long history extending west-east from kandahar to the euphrates and north-south from the persian gulf to the caucasus including transoxiana a...