Recently a large number of literature on fuzzy control are TS model-based control where, mostly, the common P approach searching for a single Lyapunov function remains active Wang et al. [1996], Tanaka et al. [1998], Kim and Lee [2000], Blanco et al. [2000], Tuan et al. [2001]. Another category emphasizes parameter-dependent functions with multiple Pj matrices as a candidate of Lyapunov functio...

Sperm-egg binding and fusion initiate the development of a new organism, but the molecular mechanisms of gamete adhesion, gamete membrane fusion and associated signaling are still poorly understood. Recently, one egg surface protein, CD9, was shown to be essential for gamete fusion. The fertility of CD9-deficient female mice is severely reduced because membrane fusion ability is lost in CD9-def...

Recent nuclear sequence analyses have provided evidence that primates and rodents are more closely related than previously believed (Madsen et al. 2001; Murphy et al. 2001a, 2001b). This proposal is difficult to reconcile with morphological insights (Liu et al. 2001; Novacek 2001) and is not generally supported by current mitochondrial sequence data (Reyes, Pesole, and Saccone 2000; Nikaido et ...

Peripheral CRF inhibits gastric emptying and stimulates colonic motor function in rats. We investigated the role of CRF1 and CRF2 receptors in i.p. CRF-induced alterations of gut transit in conscious mice using selective CRF1 and CRF2 ligands injected i.p. Gastric emptying 2 h after ingestion of a solid chow meal and colonic transit (time to expel a bead inserted into the distal colon) were det...

It has been extensively reported that free radical species are generated by contracting skeletal muscle following different exercise protocols (O’Neill et al. 1996; Reznick et al. 1996; McArdle et al. 2001), including non-damaging contractions (McArdle et al. 2001). However, numerous non-muscle cells are found in skeletal muscle in vivo and the presence of these cells has complicated the interp...

Stomatal closure in response to the hormone abscisic acid (ABA) is mediated by a complex signaling network involving both calcium-dependent and calciumindependent pathways (Assmann and Shimazaki, 1999; Webb et al., 2001), activated by several signaling intermediates (Schroeder et al., 2001) that include hydrogen peroxide (Miao et al., 2000; Pei et al., 2000; Zhang et al., 2001) and lipids such ...

The HER-2/neu oncogene (c-erbB-2) is a member of the epidermal growth factor receptor family and encodes a 185-kDa transmembrane glycoprotein with tyrosine kinase activity (Schechter et al., 1984; Akiyama et al., 1986). HER-2/neu is mapped to the long arm of chromosome 17 (17q21) (Muleris et al., 1997) and its protein product is involved in signal transduction (Yarden, 2001; Marmor et al., 2004...