Dental erosion is the chemical dissolution of the tooth structure. Factors like eating disorders and gastrointestinal diseases are recognized as intrinsic factors for dental erosion. Advanced stages of dental erosion extensively damage the tooth morphology, consequently affecting both esthetics and functions. Reports indicate the growing prevalence of erosion, and hence knowledge of restorative...

To reduce muddy ̄ooding in northern France, where soils are typically silty and highly sensitive to crusting, it is necessary to decrease the volumes of sediment-laden runoff coming from upslope agricultural source areas. To investigate the consequences of upslope agricultural practices on downslope muddy ̄ooding, we compared the effects of no-tillage treatment (NT), light-duty mouldboard ploug...

Keyword: Mars, surface Mars, climate Geological processes Observations of Mars from the surface and from orbit suggest that erosion rates over the last 3 Gyr (the Amazonian) have been as slow as 10 5 m/Myr and have been dominated by aeolian processes, while ancient (Noachian) erosion rates may have been orders of magnitude higher due to impact bombardment and fluvial activity. Amazonian-aged gl...

A surface processes model incorporating large-scale fluvial processes, local hill-slope processes, and glacial erosion is used to investigate the effect of glaciation on the relief of a fast-growing, narrow orogen. The results of several simulations show that: glaciers concentrate erosion near peaks; fluvial erosion is reduced downstream of glaciers; glaciers with frozen bases can lead to an in...

Water is the most production limiting factor for dryland cropping systems in semiarid Great Plains environments. Evaporation is responsible for the greatest amount of water loss and management practices such as notill have been adopted to reduce evaporative losses. Less is known about the magnitude of water loss due to runoff. An objective of this study is to estimate an expected range in rainf...

Quantifying crop residue cover on the soil surface is important for improving estimates of surface energy balance, net primary productivity, nutrient cycling, and carbon sequestration. Quantifying crop residue cover is also an important factor in controlling soil erosion and evaluating the effectiveness of conservation tillage practices. By reducing the movement of eroded soil into streams and ...

Surface and structural damage to plasma-facing components (PFCs) due to the frequent loss of plasma con®nement is a serious problem for the tokamak reactor concept. The plasma energy deposited on these components during loss of con®nement causes signi®cant surface erosion, possible structural failure, and frequent plasma contamination. Surface damage consists of vaporization, spallation, and li...

We have investigated the correlation between nanoscale surface ripple patterns and the magnetic texture of polycrystalline iron and nickel thin films. The ripple patterns were created by ion beam sputter erosion of films evaporated on Si substrates with 5 keV Xe ions under grazing incidence and fluences between 1015 and 1017 cm−2. The as-deposited films with an rms roughness of about 1 nm are m...

The advantages, limitations and potential applications of available methods for studying erosion of enamel and dentine are reviewed. Special emphasis is placed on the influence of histological differences between the dental hard tissue and the stage of the erosive lesion. No method is suitable for all stages of the lesion. Factors determining the applicability of the methods are: surface condit...

A suite of FORTRAN subroutines/functions to generate data using empirical formulas for physical sputtering of monoatomic targets for any elemental incident ion (atom), chemical erosion of graphite, Radiation Enhanced Sublimation (RES) of graphite, the number and energy backscattering coefficients for any elemental incident ion (atom) on a compound target and thermal evaporation of graphite is p...