BACKGROUND & OBJECTIVES Increasing resistance to erythromycin has been observed worldwide in group C and group G streptococci (GCS/GGS). The information available from India is scanty. The aim of the study was to identify erythromycin resistant GCS/GGS isolates in Chennai, south India, and to compare erythromycin resistant genotypes with emm types. METHODS One hundred and thirty one GCS/GGS i...

From 1996 to 2001 a total of 467 Staphylococcus hyicus isolates from exudative epidermitis (EE) in pigs in Denmark were examined for susceptibility to 13 different antimicrobial agents. The presence of selected genes encoding macrolide (erm(A), erm(B) and erm(C)), penicillin (blaZ), streptogramin (vat, vga, vga(B), vat(B), vat(D) and vat(E)), streptomycin (aadE) and tetracycline resistance (tet...

OBJECTIVES To study the regulatory region of a constitutively expressed erm(A) gene in Streptococcus agalactiae clinical isolates. METHODS Thirty clinical isolates of S. agalactiae which were cross-resistant to erythromycin and clindamycin and with a clindamycin MIC higher than that of erythromycin were studied by PCR, sequencing and molecular typing. RESULTS PCR analysis revealed that all ...

Macrolide resistance was detected in 64 of 77 (83.1%) Streptococcus pneumoniae isolates from South Korea. Seven (10.9%) isolates contained only mef(A), 32 (50%) contained only erm(B), and 25 (39.1%) contained mef(A) and erm(B). Nineteen isolates containing mef(A) and erm(B) belonged to serotype 19F, and seven isolates were identical to the Taiwan(19F)-14 clone.

an ERM and CNV on initial examination. However, the results of a fundus examination in our patients did not reveal any clinical signs of CNV before ERM surgery. In addition, 1 patient (case 2) underwent FA 1 month after ERM removal, which showed no hyperfluorescence in the macula. We do not believe FA is necessary before performing ERM removal to rule out preexisting CNV. However, FA is valuabl...

OBJECTIVES To analyse the as yet unexplored genetic elements encoding erm(B)-mediated erythromycin resistance in tetracycline-susceptible pneumococci. METHODS Sixteen Streptococcus pneumoniae clinical isolates sharing erm(B)-mediated erythromycin resistance and susceptibility to tetracycline were used. Gene detection was performed by PCR using both established and specially designed primers. ...

Empirical risk minimization (ERM) is ubiquitous in machine learning and underlies most supervised learning methods. While there has been a large body of work on algorithms for various ERM problems, the exact computational complexity of ERM is still not understood. We address this issue for multiple popular ERM problems including kernel SVMs, kernel ridge regression, and training the final layer...

The epiretinal membrane (ERM) is semitransparent; fibrocellular membrane found on the inner surface of the internal limiting membrane (ILM) at the macula [1]. ERM most commonly take place in the elderly population and can lead to distortion, blurring of vision, and in some patients severe vision loss [13]. ERM formation may lead to visual inconveniences, such as metamorphopsia, photopsia, blurr...