Representations of target-defining features (attentional templates) guide the selection of target objects in visual search. We used behavioral and electrophysiological measures to investigate how such search templates control the allocation of attention in search tasks where targets are defined by the combination of 2 colors or by a specific spatial configuration of these colors. Target display...

In this paper, we propose a story unit extraction method using contextual information in video shots. We divide the contextual information into two categories: local and global contextual information. We represent the local contextual information in the video shot as foreground region's information, shot activity, and background color semantics. The global contextual information is determined b...

We argue that a recent discussion of Jetzer and Straumann [Phys. Lett. B 606, 77 (2005)] relating the measured noise spectrum in Josephson junctions to van der Waals forces is incorrect. The measured noise spectrum in Josephson junctions is a consequence of the fluctuation dissipation theorem and the Josephson effect and has nothing to do with van der Waals forces. Consequently, the argument of...

Patterns of biodiversity are often explained by ecological processes, where traits that promote novel ways of interacting with the environment (key innovations) play a fundamental role in promoting diversification. However, sexual selection and social competition can also promote diversification through rapid evolution of ornamental traits. Because selection can operate only on existing variati...

Perceiving which of a scene's objects are adjacent may require selecting them with a limited-capacity attentional process. Previous results support this notion [1-3] but leave open whether the process operates simultaneously on several objects or proceeds one by one. With arrays of colored discs moving together, we first tested the effect of moving the discs faster than the speed limit for foll...

Following the terminology of Lauritzen et. al. (1990) say that a probability measure over a set of variables V satisfies the local directed Markov property for a directed acyclic graph (DAG) G with vertices V if and only if for every W in V, W is independent of the set of all its non-descendants conditional on the set of its parents. One natural question that arises with respect to DAGs is when...

3.1 The Large QSO Survey. The principal effort of the Yale group is a search for QSOs using both colors and variability as selection criteria. Different combinations of UBRIriz colors can be used to select QSOs out to z ~ 6, with a majority at z ~ 2 ± 1. Variability is essentially redshift-independent selection method. For a demonstration of the methodology, see, e.g., Rengstorf et al. (2003). ...

Research results and facts of indigenous sheep production were reviewed with the aim of delivering relevant information for the beneficiaries. The common production system used in Ethiopia was the extensive type, which was characterized by small flock sizes and the flock being periodically devastated by diseases. Some indigenous sheep groups of the country were characterized and their names wer...

Slight shifts in arrangement within biological photonic nanostructures can produce large color differences, and sexual selection often leads to high color diversity in clades with structural colors. We use phylogenetic reconstruction, electron microscopy, spectrophotometry, and optical modeling to show an opposing pattern of nanostructural diversification accompanied by unusual conservation of ...